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Trade & Finance

Merchandise trade (% of GDP)

General merchandise trade includes goods whose economic ownership is changed between a resident and a non-resident and that are not included in the following specific categories: goods under merchanting, non-monetary gold, and parts of travel, construction, and government goods and services n.i.e. It is the total of merchandise exports plus merchandise imports. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.

World Bank code: TG.VAL.TOTL.GD.ZS • Data available for 205 countries • Latest year: 2024

In , Hong Kong SAR, China led Merchandise trade (% of GDP) at 331.73.

The world median across 197 reporting countries was 55.51.

What this measures: General merchandise trade includes goods whose economic ownership is changed between a resident and a non-resident and that are not included in the following specific categories: goods under merchanting, non-monetary gold, and parts of travel, construction, and government goods and services n.i.e. It is the total of merchandise exports plus merchandise imports. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.

How "Trade & Finance" indicators are measured

Trade and finance indicators are sourced from customs declarations, balance-of-payments statistics, and central bank reporting. Exports and imports are usually reported FOB (free on board) for exports and CIF (cost, insurance, freight) for imports, which means global exports and global imports rarely sum to zero. Foreign direct investment data can be volatile year-over-year because of one-off cross-border acquisitions.

Distribution — 2024

Reporting
197 countries
Median
55.51
Mean
64.89
25th percentile
37.49
75th percentile
79.62
Range
14.50 – 331.73

World at a Glance — 2024

Every reporting country, grouped by region, shaded by value (quintile).

East Asia & PacificAustralia: 36.26AUBrunei Darussalam: 120.84BNCambodia: 119.43KHChina: 32.87CNFiji: 70.86FJFrench Polynesia: 38.74PFHong Kong SAR, China: 331.73HKIndonesia: 35.69IDJapan: 36.01JPKiribati: 116.61KIKorea, Rep.: 70.14KRLao PDR: 109.37LAMacao SAR, China: 35.76MOMalaysia: 149.39MYMarshall Islands: 56.88MHMicronesia, Fed. Sts.: 101.18FMMongolia: 115.14MNMyanmar: 36.96MMNauru: 59.66NRNew Caledonia: 41.09NCNew Zealand: 34.27NZPalau: 43.12PWPapua New Guinea: 56.86PGPhilippines: 45.03PHSamoa: 45.16WSSingapore: 176.17SGSolomon Islands: 78.66SBThailand: 115.35THTimor-Leste: 56.44TLTonga: 46.95TOVanuatu: 56.44VUViet Nam: 164.85VNEurope & Central AsiaAlbania: 50.33ALAndorra: 56.71ADArmenia: 116.20AMAustria: 79.64ATAzerbaijan: 64.07AZBelarus: 113.25BYBelgium: 156.42BEBosnia and Herzegovina: 83.53BABulgaria: 88.59BGCroatia: 77.24HRCyprus: 47.15CYCzechia: 142.95CZDenmark: 60.32DKEstonia: 95.68EEFaroe Islands: 80.76FOFinland: 53.13FIFrance: 43.96FRGeorgia: 68.58GEGermany: 66.23DEGreece: 56.90GRHungary: 137.42HUIceland: 50.35ISIreland: 63.16IEItaly: 54.18ITKazakhstan: 48.58KZKyrgyz Republic: 91.78KGLatvia: 101.64LVLithuania: 99.52LTLuxembourg: 44.28LUMoldova: 69.34MDMontenegro: 61.23MENetherlands: 142.83NLNorth Macedonia: 120.27MKNorway: 55.36NOPoland: 82.74PLPortugal: 64.49PTRomania: 61.88RORussian Federation: 33.73RUSerbia: 81.95RSSlovak Republic: 162.20SKSlovenia: 223.91SISpain: 51.93ESSweden: 63.76SESwitzerland: 87.13CHTajikistan: 63.06TJTurkiye: 44.57TRTurkmenistan: 31.54TMUkraine: 58.14UAUnited Kingdom: 36.04GBUzbekistan: 47.82UZLatin America & CaribbeanAntigua and Barbuda: 38.77AGArgentina: 22.01ARAruba: 38.61AWBahamas, The: 35.46BSBarbados: 34.88BBBelize: 60.46BZBolivia: 34.55BOBrazil: 28.14BRChile: 55.54CLColombia: 27.14COCosta Rica: 50.52CRCuracao: 71.55CWDominica: 42.24DMDominican Republic: 35.15DOEcuador: 51.26ECEl Salvador: 63.40SVGrenada: 48.55GDGuatemala: 41.60GTGuyana: 107.93GYHaiti: 14.85HTHonduras: 77.74HNJamaica: 41.59JMMexico: 67.93MXNicaragua: 96.43NIPanama: 46.08PAParaguay: 63.18PYPeru: 44.32PESint Maarten (Dutch part): 81.54SXSt. Kitts and Nevis: 35.55KNSt. Lucia: 41.43LCSt. Vincent and the Grenadines: 48.65VCSuriname: 71.61SRTrinidad and Tobago: 60.73TTTurks and Caicos Islands: 26.07TCUruguay: 28.11UYVenezuela, RB: 24.39VEMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & PakistanAfghanistan: 21.42AFAlgeria: 35.19DZBahrain: 84.67BHDjibouti: 258.06DJEgypt, Arab Rep.: 32.96EGIran, Islamic Rep.: 38.29IRIraq: 67.37IQIsrael: 28.46ILJordan: 75.35JOKuwait: 70.56KWLebanon: 81.20LBLibya: 98.10LYMalta: 53.03MTMorocco: 75.29MAOman: 99.39OMPakistan: 23.89PKQatar: 59.36QASaudi Arabia: 43.42SASyrian Arab Republic: 44.87SYTunisia: 89.55TNUnited Arab Emirates: 207.76AEYemen, Rep.: 24.03YENorth AmericaBermuda: 14.50BMCanada: 50.94CAUnited States: 18.87USSouth AsiaBangladesh: 25.58BDBhutan: 65.59BTIndia: 29.69INMaldives: 56.93MVNepal: 31.77NPSri Lanka: 31.95LKSub-Saharan AfricaAngola: 53.64AOBenin: 41.90BJBotswana: 60.96BWBurkina Faso: 52.19BFBurundi: 38.83BICabo Verde: 68.87CVCameroon: 26.46CMCentral African Republic: 23.77CFChad: 33.81TDComoros: 26.93KMCongo, Dem. Rep.: 79.62CDCongo, Rep.: 83.19CGCote d'Ivoire: 42.57CIEquatorial Guinea: 35.22GQEritrea: 30.90EREswatini: 90.54SZEthiopia: 17.36ETGabon: 81.84GAGambia, The: 73.56GMGhana: 43.08GHGuinea: 62.89GNGuinea-Bissau: 33.04GWKenya: 23.54KELesotho: 125.32LSLiberia: 62.16LRMadagascar: 42.56MGMalawi: 37.21MWMali: 46.87MLMauritania: 82.14MRMauritius: 61.66MUMozambique: 76.59MZNamibia: 115.36NANiger: 22.59NENigeria: 37.49NGRwanda: 64.76RWSao Tome and Principe: 22.14STSenegal: 55.51SNSeychelles: 92.38SCSierra Leone: 51.41SLSomalia, Fed. Rep.: 42.82SOSouth Africa: 58.22ZASouth Sudan: 31.92SSSudan: 16.20SDTanzania: 29.15TZTogo: 47.92TGUganda: 40.99UGZambia: 88.49ZMZimbabwe: 40.76ZW

Lighter = lower value · Darker = higher value. Hover a cell to see the country and value.

Highest Values — 2024

# Country Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
1 Hong Kong SAR, China East Asia & Pacific 331.73
2 Djibouti Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 258.06
3 Slovenia Europe & Central Asia 223.91
4 United Arab Emirates Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 207.76
5 Singapore East Asia & Pacific 176.17
6 Viet Nam East Asia & Pacific 164.85
7 Slovak Republic Europe & Central Asia 162.20
8 Belgium Europe & Central Asia 156.42
9 Malaysia East Asia & Pacific 149.39
10 Czechia Europe & Central Asia 142.95

Looking for a specific country? Only the top and bottom 10 appear here. See where every country ranks for Merchandise trade (% of GDP).

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Biggest Movers — Year over Year

Largest increases

Largest decreases

By Income Group — Average

Income group Countries Mean
High income 71 74.38
Upper middle income 51 61.59
Lower middle income 49 66.94
Low income 24 43.34
Not classified 2 20.87

By Region — Average

Region Countries Mean
East Asia & Pacific 32 82.31
Europe & Central Asia 50 78.73
Latin America & Caribbean 36 48.83
Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 22 73.28
North America 3 28.10
South Asia 6 40.25
Sub-Saharan Africa 48 52.44

Lowest Values — 2024

# Country Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
1 Bermuda 14.50
2 Haiti 14.85
3 Sudan 16.20
4 Ethiopia 17.36
5 United States 18.87
6 Afghanistan 21.42
7 Argentina 22.01
8 Sao Tome and Principe 22.14
9 Niger 22.59
10 Kenya 23.54
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Source: World Bank Open Data (TG.VAL.TOTL.GD.ZS), CC BY 4.0. Rankings show countries with available data for 2024.