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Environment

Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990)

Change of emissions (as %) of current year with respect to emissions in baseline year 1990 emissions of the six greenhouse gases (GHG) covered by the Kyoto Protocol (carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulphurhexafluoride (SF6)) from the energy, industry, waste, and agriculture sectors, standardized to carbon dioxide equivalent values. This measure excludes GHG fluxes caused by Land Use Change Land Use and Forestry (LULUCF), as these fluxes have larger uncertainties. The measure is standardized to carbon dioxide equivalent values using the Global Warming Potential (GWP) factors of IPCC's 5th Assessment Report (AR5) to combine different GHGs. Negative values indicate that the emission level for that year is lower than the emissions level in 1990.

World Bank code: EN.GHG.TOT.ZG.AR5 • Data available for 203 countries • Latest year: 2024

In , Equatorial Guinea led Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) at 4,294.55.

The world median across 203 reporting countries was 87.24.

What this measures: Change of emissions (as %) of current year with respect to emissions in baseline year 1990 emissions of the six greenhouse gases (GHG) covered by the Kyoto Protocol (carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulphurhexafluoride (SF6)) from the energy, industry, waste, and agriculture sectors, standardized to carbon dioxide equivalent values. This measure excludes GHG fluxes caused by Land Use Change Land Use and Forestry (LULUCF), as these fluxes have larger uncertainties. The measure is standardized to carbon dioxide equivalent values using the Global Warming Potential (GWP) factors of IPCC's 5th Assessment Report (AR5) to combine different GHGs. Negative values indicate that the emission level for that year is lower than the emissions level in 1990.

How "Environment" indicators are measured

Environmental indicators cover emissions, land use, biodiversity, and natural resources. Emissions data is often produced by international scientific consortia (EDGAR, Global Carbon Project) and typically lags 2–3 years due to the complexity of fuel- and process-level accounting. Per-capita metrics reveal a different story than absolute totals — small wealthy countries can have high per-capita emissions while contributing little to the global total.

Distribution — 2024

Reporting
203 countries
Median
87.24
Mean
145.31
25th percentile
0.93
75th percentile
183.36
Range
-79.86 – 4,294.55

World at a Glance — 2024

Every reporting country, grouped by region, shaded by value (quintile).

East Asia & PacificAmerican Samoa: 21.92ASAustralia: 28.38AUBrunei Darussalam: 102.77BNCambodia: 241.87KHChina: 318.45CNFiji: 29.13FJFrench Polynesia: 15.20PFGuam: 47.54GUHong Kong SAR, China: 2.71HKIndonesia: 291.60IDJapan: -17.94JPKiribati: 248.04KIKorea, Dem. People's Rep.: -44.68KPKorea, Rep.: 114.59KRLao PDR: 513.60LAMacao SAR, China: 81.76MOMalaysia: 287.39MYMarshall Islands: 60.00MHMicronesia, Fed. Sts.: 70.08FMMongolia: 248.66MNMyanmar: 86.30MMNauru: 40.00NRNew Caledonia: 180.51NCNew Zealand: 8.39NZNorthern Mariana Islands: 70.83MPPalau: -34.55PWPapua New Guinea: 120.88PGPhilippines: 189.74PHSamoa: 77.17WSSingapore: 125.43SGSolomon Islands: 105.50SBThailand: 130.46THTimor-Leste: 266.26TLTonga: 50.90TOTuvalu: 32.26TVVanuatu: 34.60VUViet Nam: 535.79VNEurope & Central AsiaAlbania: -38.04ALArmenia: -55.65AMAustria: -11.45ATAzerbaijan: -13.88AZBelarus: -39.65BYBelgium: -23.30BEBosnia and Herzegovina: -15.96BABulgaria: -53.67BGCroatia: -18.24HRCyprus: 67.40CYCzechia: -49.71CZDenmark: -44.56DKEstonia: -69.02EEFaroe Islands: 7.21FOFinland: -33.35FIFrance: -28.78FRGeorgia: -51.98GEGermany: -45.42DEGibraltar: 317.29GIGreece: -27.26GRGreenland: 979.05GLHungary: -37.31HUIceland: -2.97ISIreland: 1.23IEItaly: -26.45ITKazakhstan: -3.47KZKyrgyz Republic: -32.96KGLatvia: -57.74LVLithuania: -55.70LTLuxembourg: -37.72LUMoldova: -68.84MDNetherlands: -35.21NLNorth Macedonia: -31.68MKNorway: -2.87NOPoland: -32.19PLPortugal: -7.75PTRomania: -57.74RORussian Federation: -15.71RUSlovak Republic: -47.19SKSlovenia: -17.73SISpain: -3.02ESSweden: -30.15SESwitzerland: -20.35CHTajikistan: 0.93TJTurkiye: 156.22TRTurkmenistan: 87.24TMUkraine: -79.86UAUnited Kingdom: -50.30GBUzbekistan: 39.41UZLatin America & CaribbeanAntigua and Barbuda: 73.11AGArgentina: 47.92ARAruba: 167.23AWBahamas, The: 41.06BSBarbados: 6.53BBBelize: 136.56BZBolivia: 116.64BOBrazil: 100.11BRBritish Virgin Islands: 272.16VGCayman Islands: 212.71KYChile: 115.62CLColombia: 64.54COCosta Rica: 77.98CRCuba: -39.04CUDominica: 91.70DMDominican Republic: 209.71DOEcuador: 110.64ECEl Salvador: 108.26SVGrenada: 159.70GDGuatemala: 232.36GTGuyana: 253.23GYHaiti: 90.15HTHonduras: 183.36HNJamaica: 1.89JMMexico: 55.92MXNicaragua: 112.63NIPanama: 179.55PAParaguay: 99.52PYPeru: 138.88PEPuerto Rico (US): -19.01PRSt. Kitts and Nevis: 209.68KNSt. Lucia: 213.38LCSt. Vincent and the Grenadines: 135.92VCSuriname: 65.65SRTrinidad and Tobago: 111.32TTTurks and Caicos Islands: 2,484.78TCUruguay: 54.41UYVenezuela, RB: 2.19VEVirgin Islands (U.S.): 2.51VIMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & PakistanAfghanistan: 155.46AFAlgeria: 91.44DZBahrain: 121.64BHDjibouti: 30.62DJEgypt, Arab Rep.: 159.14EGIran, Islamic Rep.: 218.39IRIraq: 140.67IQIsrael: 82.75ILJordan: 187.57JOKuwait: 242.86KWLebanon: 142.34LBLibya: 12.79LYMalta: -10.96MTMorocco: 155.93MAOman: 278.27OMPakistan: 178.43PKQatar: 519.04QASaudi Arabia: 254.54SASyrian Arab Republic: -25.61SYTunisia: 92.18TNUnited Arab Emirates: 232.25AEYemen, Rep.: 87.94YENorth AmericaBermuda: 8.44BMCanada: 30.07CAUnited States: -4.89USSouth AsiaBangladesh: 194.93BDBhutan: 148.10BTIndia: 222.92INMaldives: 1,450.67MVNepal: 79.55NPSri Lanka: 133.48LKSub-Saharan AfricaAngola: 105.15AOBenin: 362.82BJBotswana: 30.50BWBurkina Faso: 208.82BFBurundi: 176.44BICabo Verde: 323.09CVCameroon: 35.02CMCentral African Republic: 76.88CFChad: 814.30TDComoros: 204.59KMCongo, Dem. Rep.: 130.90CDCongo, Rep.: 125.84CGCote d'Ivoire: 282.65CIEquatorial Guinea: 4,294.55GQEritrea: 39.85EREswatini: -9.06SZEthiopia: 188.58ETGabon: 6.65GAGambia, The: 100.66GMGhana: 359.20GHGuinea: 325.88GNGuinea-Bissau: 93.08GWKenya: 167.40KELesotho: 43.52LSLiberia: 146.59LRMadagascar: 56.41MGMalawi: 223.82MWMali: 300.68MLMauritania: 162.73MRMauritius: 250.95MUMozambique: 290.36MZNamibia: 115.49NANiger: 283.16NENigeria: 34.41NGRwanda: 47.23RWSao Tome and Principe: 194.72STSenegal: 220.80SNSeychelles: 207.53SCSierra Leone: 128.26SLSomalia, Fed. Rep.: 34.09SOSouth Africa: 39.97ZASudan: 126.74SDTanzania: 251.14TZTogo: 233.79TGUganda: 274.64UGZambia: 142.81ZMZimbabwe: -10.63ZW

Lighter = lower value · Darker = higher value. Hover a cell to see the country and value.

Highest Values — 2024

# Country Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990)
1 Equatorial Guinea Sub-Saharan Africa 4,294.55
2 Turks and Caicos Islands Latin America & Caribbean 2,484.78
3 Maldives South Asia 1,450.67
4 Greenland Europe & Central Asia 979.05
5 Chad Sub-Saharan Africa 814.30
6 Viet Nam East Asia & Pacific 535.79
7 Qatar Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 519.04
8 Lao PDR East Asia & Pacific 513.60
9 Benin Sub-Saharan Africa 362.82
10 Ghana Sub-Saharan Africa 359.20

Looking for a specific country? Only the top and bottom 10 appear here. See where every country ranks for Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990).

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Biggest Movers — Year over Year

Largest increases

Largest decreases

By Income Group — Average

Income group Countries Mean
High income 77 96.38
Upper middle income 51 199.29
Lower middle income 49 158.42
Low income 24 164.99
Not classified 2 95.39

By Region — Average

Region Countries Mean
East Asia & Pacific 37 126.53
Europe & Central Asia 49 5.74
Latin America & Caribbean 39 171.32
Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 22 152.17
North America 3 11.21
South Asia 6 371.61
Sub-Saharan Africa 47 260.49

Lowest Values — 2024

# Country Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990)
1 Ukraine -79.86
2 Estonia -69.02
3 Moldova -68.84
4 Romania -57.74
5 Latvia -57.74
6 Lithuania -55.70
7 Armenia -55.65
8 Bulgaria -53.67
9 Georgia -51.98
10 United Kingdom -50.30
Download full dataset: CSV JSON

Source: World Bank Open Data (EN.GHG.TOT.ZG.AR5), CC BY 4.0. Rankings show countries with available data for 2024.