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Environment

Population density (people per sq. km of land area)

Population density is midyear population divided by land area in square kilometers. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes.

World Bank code: EN.POP.DNST • Data available for 216 countries • Latest year: 2023

In , Macao SAR, China led Population density (people per sq. km of land area) at 20,569.70.

The world median across 215 reporting countries was 95.27.

What this measures: Population density is midyear population divided by land area in square kilometers. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes.

How "Environment" indicators are measured

Environmental indicators cover emissions, land use, biodiversity, and natural resources. Emissions data is often produced by international scientific consortia (EDGAR, Global Carbon Project) and typically lags 2–3 years due to the complexity of fuel- and process-level accounting. Per-capita metrics reveal a different story than absolute totals — small wealthy countries can have high per-capita emissions while contributing little to the global total.

Distribution — 2023

Reporting
215 countries
Median
95.27
Mean
453.71
25th percentile
39.72
75th percentile
240.49
Range
0.14 – 20,569.70

World at a Glance — 2023

Every reporting country, grouped by region, shaded by value (quintile).

East Asia & PacificAmerican Samoa: 237.61ASAustralia: 3.47AUBrunei Darussalam: 87.09BNCambodia: 98.71KHChina: 150.26CNFiji: 50.58FJFrench Polynesia: 80.99PFGuam: 308.34GUHong Kong SAR, China: 7,177.24HKIndonesia: 148.58IDJapan: 341.54JPKiribati: 163.62KIKorea, Dem. People's Rep.: 219.40KPKorea, Rep.: 529.84KRLao PDR: 33.21LAMacao SAR, China: 20,569.70MOMalaysia: 106.91MYMarshall Islands: 215.71MHMicronesia, Fed. Sts.: 160.90FMMongolia: 2.23MNMyanmar: 82.94MMNauru: 593.75NRNew Caledonia: 15.86NCNew Zealand: 19.75NZNorthern Mariana Islands: 98.14MPPalau: 38.54PWPapua New Guinea: 22.94PGPhilippines: 385.32PHSamoa: 77.94WSSingapore: 8,241.85SGSolomon Islands: 28.58SBThailand: 140.35THTimor-Leste: 93.09TLTonga: 145.27TOTuvalu: 327.20TVVanuatu: 26.28VUViet Nam: 320.18VNEurope & Central AsiaAlbania: 88.11ALAndorra: 172.03ADArmenia: 105.12AMAustria: 110.66ATAzerbaijan: 122.85AZBelarus: 45.22BYBelgium: 386.30BEBosnia and Herzegovina: 62.21BABulgaria: 59.38BGCroatia: 68.97HRCyprus: 145.56CYCzechia: 140.79CZDenmark: 148.67DKEstonia: 32.07EEFaroe Islands: 39.72FOFinland: 18.37FIFrance: 126.86FRGeorgia: 65.00GEGermany: 238.35DEGibraltar: 3,847.10GIGreece: 80.74GRGreenland: 0.14GLHungary: 105.11HUIceland: 3.82ISIreland: 77.10IEIsle of Man: 147.66IMItaly: 199.46ITKazakhstan: 7.53KZKyrgyz Republic: 37.02KGLatvia: 30.27LVLiechtenstein: 249.04LILithuania: 45.87LTLuxembourg: 258.86LUMoldova: 85.44MDMonaco: 18,692.90MCMontenegro: 46.36MENetherlands: 530.95NLNorth Macedonia: 72.47MKNorway: 15.15NOPoland: 119.79PLPortugal: 115.48PTRomania: 82.85RORussian Federation: 8.78RUSan Marino: 564.33SMSerbia: 78.76RSSlovak Republic: 112.87SKSlovenia: 105.31SISpain: 96.76ESSweden: 25.87SESwitzerland: 224.98CHTajikistan: 74.86TJTurkiye: 110.87TRTurkmenistan: 15.67TMUkraine: 65.12UAUnited Kingdom: 283.11GBUzbekistan: 80.91UZLatin America & CaribbeanAntigua and Barbuda: 212.08AGArgentina: 16.64ARAruba: 596.44AWBahamas, The: 39.90BSBarbados: 656.60BBBelize: 18.02BZBolivia: 11.30BOBrazil: 25.26BRBritish Virgin Islands: 259.90VGCayman Islands: 304.33KYChile: 26.46CLColombia: 47.16COCosta Rica: 99.99CRCuba: 106.17CUCuracao: 348.32CWDominica: 88.68DMDominican Republic: 235.10DOEcuador: 72.40ECEl Salvador: 304.52SVGrenada: 344.36GDGuatemala: 169.14GTGuyana: 3.91GYHaiti: 422.26HTHonduras: 95.14HNJamaica: 262.21JMMexico: 66.74MXNicaragua: 56.70NIPanama: 60.11PAParaguay: 17.28PYPeru: 26.44PEPuerto Rico (US): 361.19PRSint Maarten (Dutch part): 1,257.32SXSt. Kitts and Nevis: 179.84KNSt. Lucia: 293.91LCSt. Martin (French part): 550.30MFSt. Vincent and the Grenadines: 259.80VCSuriname: 3.92SRTrinidad and Tobago: 266.57TTTurks and Caicos Islands: 48.63TCUruguay: 19.36UYVenezuela, RB: 32.09VEVirgin Islands (U.S.): 299.76VIMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & PakistanAfghanistan: 63.56AFAlgeria: 19.38DZBahrain: 1,971.32BHDjibouti: 49.74DJEgypt, Arab Rep.: 115.06EGIran, Islamic Rep.: 55.85IRIraq: 103.83IQIsrael: 455.13ILJordan: 128.83JOKuwait: 272.36KWLebanon: 564.37LBLibya: 4.15LYMalta: 1,727.33MTMorocco: 84.50MAOman: 16.31OMPakistan: 321.07PKQatar: 231.16QASaudi Arabia: 15.68SASyrian Arab Republic: 128.49SYTunisia: 78.53TNUnited Arab Emirates: 147.62AEWest Bank and Gaza: 857.39PSYemen, Rep.: 74.61YENorth AmericaBermuda: 1,198.11BMCanada: 4.56CAUnited States: 36.82USSouth AsiaBangladesh: 1,319.18BDBhutan: 20.62BTIndia: 483.68INMaldives: 1,765.08MVNepal: 207.15NPSri Lanka: 356.24LKSub-Saharan AfricaAngola: 29.48AOBenin: 125.14BJBotswana: 4.38BWBurkina Faso: 84.16BFBurundi: 533.08BICabo Verde: 129.61CVCameroon: 60.02CMCentral African Republic: 8.27CFChad: 15.34TDComoros: 456.95KMCongo, Dem. Rep.: 46.66CDCongo, Rep.: 18.11CGCote d'Ivoire: 98.01CIEquatorial Guinea: 65.87GQEritrea: 28.64EREswatini: 71.54SZEthiopia: 114.04ETGabon: 9.64GAGambia, The: 266.59GMGhana: 148.50GHGuinea: 58.63GNGuinea-Bissau: 76.58GWKenya: 95.27KELesotho: 76.14LSLiberia: 57.03LRMadagascar: 53.62MGMalawi: 223.85MWMali: 19.48MLMauritania: 4.87MRMauritius: 625.26MUMozambique: 42.77MZNamibia: 3.60NANiger: 20.65NENigeria: 250.21NGRwanda: 565.65RWSao Tome and Principe: 240.49STSenegal: 93.89SNSeychelles: 260.38SCSierra Leone: 117.21SLSomalia, Fed. Rep.: 29.26SOSouth Africa: 52.11ZASouth Sudan: 18.17SSSudan: 26.79SDTanzania: 75.21TZTogo: 171.07TGUganda: 242.65UGZambia: 27.88ZMZimbabwe: 42.24ZW

Lighter = lower value · Darker = higher value. Hover a cell to see the country and value.

Highest Values — 2023

# Country Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
1 Macao SAR, China East Asia & Pacific 20,569.70
2 Monaco Europe & Central Asia 18,692.90
3 Singapore East Asia & Pacific 8,241.85
4 Hong Kong SAR, China East Asia & Pacific 7,177.24
5 Gibraltar Europe & Central Asia 3,847.10
6 Bahrain Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 1,971.32
7 Maldives South Asia 1,765.08
8 Malta Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 1,727.33
9 Bangladesh South Asia 1,319.18
10 Sint Maarten (Dutch part) Latin America & Caribbean 1,257.32

Looking for a specific country? Only the top and bottom 10 appear here. See where every country ranks for Population density (people per sq. km of land area).

View complete rankings →

Biggest Movers — Year over Year

Largest increases

Largest decreases

By Income Group — Average

Income group Countries Mean
High income 85 917.45
Upper middle income 53 142.05
Lower middle income 50 175.13
Low income 25 125.34
Not classified 2 73.06

By Region — Average

Region Countries Mean
East Asia & Pacific 37 1,117.40
Europe & Central Asia 56 515.64
Latin America & Caribbean 42 203.96
Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 23 325.49
North America 3 413.16
South Asia 6 691.99
Sub-Saharan Africa 48 122.60

Lowest Values — 2023

# Country Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
1 Greenland 0.14
2 Mongolia 2.23
3 Australia 3.47
4 Namibia 3.60
5 Iceland 3.82
6 Guyana 3.91
7 Suriname 3.92
8 Libya 4.15
9 Botswana 4.38
10 Canada 4.56
Download full dataset: CSV JSON

Source: World Bank Open Data (EN.POP.DNST), CC BY 4.0. Rankings show countries with available data for 2023.