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Environment

PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter)

Population-weighted exposure to ambient PM2.5 pollution is defined as the average level of exposure of a nation's population to concentrations of suspended particles measuring less than 2.5 microns in aerodynamic diameter, which are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing severe health damage. Exposure is calculated by weighting mean annual concentrations of PM2.5 by population in both urban and rural areas.

World Bank code: EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3 • Data available for 200 countries • Latest year: 2020

In , Niger led PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter) at 85.12.

The world median across 200 reporting countries was 20.03.

What this measures: Population-weighted exposure to ambient PM2.5 pollution is defined as the average level of exposure of a nation's population to concentrations of suspended particles measuring less than 2.5 microns in aerodynamic diameter, which are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing severe health damage. Exposure is calculated by weighting mean annual concentrations of PM2.5 by population in both urban and rural areas.

How "Environment" indicators are measured

Environmental indicators cover emissions, land use, biodiversity, and natural resources. Emissions data is often produced by international scientific consortia (EDGAR, Global Carbon Project) and typically lags 2–3 years due to the complexity of fuel- and process-level accounting. Per-capita metrics reveal a different story than absolute totals — small wealthy countries can have high per-capita emissions while contributing little to the global total.

Distribution — 2020

Reporting
200 countries
Median
20.03
Mean
23.53
25th percentile
12.11
75th percentile
29.65
Range
4.90 – 85.12

World at a Glance — 2020

Every reporting country, grouped by region, shaded by value (quintile).

East Asia & PacificAmerican Samoa: 6.72ASAustralia: 8.25AUBrunei Darussalam: 7.60BNCambodia: 24.14KHChina: 34.81CNFiji: 12.42FJGuam: 9.58GUIndonesia: 17.88IDJapan: 12.84JPKiribati: 11.26KIKorea, Dem. People's Rep.: 29.93KPKorea, Rep.: 25.94KRLao PDR: 22.32LAMalaysia: 16.19MYMarshall Islands: 10.73MHMicronesia, Fed. Sts.: 12.11FMMongolia: 29.65MNMyanmar: 32.32MMNauru: 6.06NRNew Zealand: 6.49NZNorthern Mariana Islands: 9.71MPPalau: 7.33PWPapua New Guinea: 17.31PGPhilippines: 20.29PHSamoa: 12.55WSSingapore: 13.87SGSolomon Islands: 13.95SBThailand: 31.01THTimor-Leste: 17.41TLTonga: 12.48TOTuvalu: 5.92TVVanuatu: 14.08VUViet Nam: 20.80VNEurope & Central AsiaAlbania: 15.71ALAndorra: 9.08ADArmenia: 30.58AMAustria: 10.93ATAzerbaijan: 21.73AZBelarus: 14.61BYBelgium: 11.22BEBosnia and Herzegovina: 26.60BABulgaria: 17.15BGCroatia: 16.12HRCyprus: 13.51CYCzechia: 14.11CZDenmark: 9.07DKEstonia: 6.15EEFinland: 4.90FIFrance: 9.60FRGeorgia: 17.04GEGermany: 10.29DEGreece: 14.41GRGreenland: 6.56GLHungary: 14.14HUIceland: 5.11ISIreland: 8.17IEItaly: 14.66ITKazakhstan: 20.03KZKyrgyz Republic: 24.38KGLatvia: 11.60LVLithuania: 9.22LTLuxembourg: 8.67LUMoldova: 14.76MDMonaco: 9.58MCMontenegro: 17.98MENetherlands: 10.89NLNorth Macedonia: 26.12MKNorway: 6.06NOPoland: 17.96PLPortugal: 8.45PTRomania: 14.85RORussian Federation: 11.27RUSan Marino: 10.69SMSerbia: 22.51RSSlovak Republic: 15.39SKSlovenia: 14.29SISpain: 9.58ESSweden: 5.64SESwitzerland: 9.06CHTajikistan: 37.05TJTurkiye: 21.61TRTurkmenistan: 19.60TMUkraine: 14.90UAUnited Kingdom: 9.91GBUzbekistan: 31.96UZLatin America & CaribbeanAntigua and Barbuda: 19.70AGArgentina: 14.91ARBahamas, The: 18.94BSBarbados: 23.73BBBelize: 28.65BZBolivia: 22.88BOBrazil: 12.18BRChile: 23.28CLColombia: 14.18COCosta Rica: 14.31CRCuba: 21.24CUDominica: 20.67DMDominican Republic: 19.83DOEcuador: 16.66ECEl Salvador: 20.03SVGrenada: 24.66GDGuatemala: 21.64GTGuyana: 25.46GYHaiti: 21.35HTHonduras: 20.31HNJamaica: 17.41JMMexico: 14.99MXNicaragua: 16.81NIPanama: 11.47PAParaguay: 10.09PYPeru: 27.04PEPuerto Rico (US): 7.19PRSt. Kitts and Nevis: 8.59KNSt. Lucia: 23.76LCSt. Vincent and the Grenadines: 23.93VCSuriname: 27.31SRTrinidad and Tobago: 25.60TTUruguay: 10.57UYVenezuela, RB: 15.26VEVirgin Islands (U.S.): 8.63VIMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & PakistanAfghanistan: 46.09AFAlgeria: 25.55DZBahrain: 58.50BHDjibouti: 35.92DJEgypt, Arab Rep.: 54.86EGIran, Islamic Rep.: 32.29IRIraq: 38.18IQIsrael: 18.60ILJordan: 28.77JOKuwait: 53.72KWLebanon: 19.23LBLibya: 32.97LYMalta: 11.72MTMorocco: 21.32MAOman: 39.58OMPakistan: 43.00PKQatar: 75.66QASaudi Arabia: 53.15SASyrian Arab Republic: 24.71SYTunisia: 24.18TNUnited Arab Emirates: 36.31AEWest Bank and Gaza: 26.36PSYemen, Rep.: 34.83YENorth AmericaBermuda: 7.34BMCanada: 6.57CAUnited States: 7.81USSouth AsiaBangladesh: 42.38BDBhutan: 23.95BTIndia: 48.39INMaldives: 12.01MVNepal: 45.72NPSri Lanka: 19.96LKSub-Saharan AfricaAngola: 25.15AOBenin: 51.05BJBotswana: 18.91BWBurkina Faso: 58.47BFBurundi: 29.65BICabo Verde: 42.32CVCameroon: 39.81CMCentral African Republic: 34.43CFChad: 49.14TDComoros: 11.93KMCongo, Dem. Rep.: 26.65CDCongo, Rep.: 28.57CGCote d'Ivoire: 49.50CIEquatorial Guinea: 35.38GQEritrea: 32.35EREswatini: 18.78SZEthiopia: 27.31ETGabon: 29.95GAGambia, The: 58.36GMGhana: 54.24GHGuinea: 43.77GNGuinea-Bissau: 50.21GWKenya: 24.39KELesotho: 23.44LSLiberia: 42.36LRMadagascar: 12.75MGMalawi: 23.70MWMali: 56.78MLMauritania: 70.82MRMauritius: 9.15MUMozambique: 20.08MZNamibia: 19.99NANiger: 85.12NENigeria: 56.53NGRwanda: 31.29RWSao Tome and Principe: 27.34STSenegal: 63.74SNSeychelles: 8.50SCSierra Leone: 43.22SLSomalia, Fed. Rep.: 24.53SOSouth Africa: 23.75ZASouth Sudan: 30.74SSSudan: 45.83SDTanzania: 25.08TZTogo: 51.67TGUganda: 33.81UGZambia: 24.31ZMZimbabwe: 19.49ZW

Lighter = lower value · Darker = higher value. Hover a cell to see the country and value.

Highest Values — 2020

# Country PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter)
1 Niger Sub-Saharan Africa 85.12
2 Qatar Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 75.66
3 Mauritania Sub-Saharan Africa 70.82
4 Senegal Sub-Saharan Africa 63.74
5 Bahrain Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 58.50
6 Burkina Faso Sub-Saharan Africa 58.47
7 Gambia, The Sub-Saharan Africa 58.36
8 Mali Sub-Saharan Africa 56.78
9 Nigeria Sub-Saharan Africa 56.53
10 Egypt, Arab Rep. Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 54.86

Looking for a specific country? Only the top and bottom 10 appear here. See where every country ranks for PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter).

View complete rankings →

Biggest Movers — Year over Year

Largest increases

Largest decreases

By Income Group — Average

Income group Countries Mean
High income 70 15.25
Upper middle income 53 21.26
Lower middle income 50 29.85
Low income 25 39.07
Not classified 2 21.28

By Region — Average

Region Countries Mean
East Asia & Pacific 33 16.18
Europe & Central Asia 52 14.53
Latin America & Caribbean 35 18.66
Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 23 36.33
North America 3 7.24
South Asia 6 32.07
Sub-Saharan Africa 48 35.72

Lowest Values — 2020

# Country PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter)
1 Finland 4.90
2 Iceland 5.11
3 Sweden 5.64
4 Tuvalu 5.92
5 Norway 6.06
6 Nauru 6.06
7 Estonia 6.15
8 New Zealand 6.49
9 Greenland 6.56
10 Canada 6.57
Download full dataset: CSV JSON

Source: World Bank Open Data (EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3), CC BY 4.0. Rankings show countries with available data for 2020.