Environment
Carbon intensity of GDP (kg CO2e per constant 2015 US$ of GDP)
Annual emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), one of the six Kyoto greenhouse gases (GHG), from the agriculture, energy, waste, and industrial sectors, excluding LULUCF divided by the GDP in constant 2021 US$.
World Bank code: EN.GHG.CO2.RT.GDP.KD • Data available for 200 countries • Latest year: 2024
In , Venezuela, RB led Carbon intensity of GDP (kg CO2e per constant 2015 US$ of GDP) at 2.26.
The world median across 184 reporting countries was 0.30.
How "Environment" indicators are measured
Environmental indicators cover emissions, land use, biodiversity, and natural resources. Emissions data is often produced by international scientific consortia (EDGAR, Global Carbon Project) and typically lags 2–3 years due to the complexity of fuel- and process-level accounting. Per-capita metrics reveal a different story than absolute totals — small wealthy countries can have high per-capita emissions while contributing little to the global total.
Distribution — 2024
- Reporting
- 184 countries
- Median
- 0.30
- Mean
- 0.41
- 25th percentile
- 0.16
- 75th percentile
- 0.51
- Range
- 0.00 – 2.26
World at a Glance — 2024
Every reporting country, grouped by region, shaded by value (quintile).
Lighter = lower value · Darker = higher value. Hover a cell to see the country and value.
Highest Values — 2024
| # | Country | Carbon intensity of GDP (kg CO2e per constant 2015 US$ of GDP) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Venezuela, RB Latin America & Caribbean | 2.26 |
| 2 | Mongolia East Asia & Pacific | 1.70 |
| 3 | Iran, Islamic Rep. Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 1.55 |
| 4 | Ukraine Europe & Central Asia | 1.51 |
| 5 | Turkmenistan Europe & Central Asia | 1.32 |
| 6 | Russian Federation Europe & Central Asia | 1.25 |
| 7 | Iraq Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 1.24 |
| 8 | Lao PDR East Asia & Pacific | 1.23 |
| 9 | South Africa Sub-Saharan Africa | 1.20 |
| 10 | Trinidad and Tobago Latin America & Caribbean | 1.20 |
Looking for a specific country? Only the top and bottom 10 appear here. See where every country ranks for Carbon intensity of GDP (kg CO2e per constant 2015 US$ of GDP).
View complete rankings →Biggest Movers — Year over Year
Largest increases
- Bolivia +17.7%
- Sudan +17.1%
- Timor-Leste +15.8%
- Haiti +8.5%
- Kuwait +8.0%
Largest decreases
- Guyana -29.6%
- Turkmenistan -19.2%
- North Macedonia -11.7%
- Bulgaria -10.6%
- Azerbaijan -10.5%
By Income Group — Average
| Income group | Countries | Mean |
|---|---|---|
| High income | 67 | 0.27 |
| Upper middle income | 49 | 0.56 |
| Lower middle income | 47 | 0.46 |
| Low income | 19 | 0.27 |
| Not classified | 2 | 1.21 |
By Region — Average
| Region | Countries | Mean |
|---|---|---|
| East Asia & Pacific | 29 | 0.42 |
| Europe & Central Asia | 47 | 0.41 |
| Latin America & Caribbean | 36 | 0.33 |
| Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 18 | 0.72 |
| North America | 3 | 0.18 |
| South Asia | 5 | 0.46 |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 46 | 0.34 |
Lowest Values — 2024
| # | Country | Carbon intensity of GDP (kg CO2e per constant 2015 US$ of GDP) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nauru | 0.00 |
| 2 | Marshall Islands | 0.00 |
| 3 | Micronesia, Fed. Sts. | 0.00 |
| 4 | Faroe Islands | 0.00 |
| 5 | Bermuda | 0.03 |
| 6 | Macao SAR, China | 0.04 |
| 7 | Switzerland | 0.04 |
| 8 | Ireland | 0.06 |
| 9 | Sweden | 0.07 |
| 10 | Denmark | 0.07 |
Source: World Bank Open Data (EN.GHG.CO2.RT.GDP.KD), CC BY 4.0. Rankings show countries with available data for 2024.