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Environment

Carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Total excluding non-tropical fires (Mt CO2e)

Net flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) from Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry LULUCF, excluding non-ropical fires at the country level.

World Bank code: EN.GHG.CO2.LU.MT.CE.AR5 • Data available for 183 countries • Latest year: 2023

In , Brazil led Carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Total excluding non-tropical fires (Mt CO2e) at 751.47.

The world median across 183 reporting countries was -0.92.

What this measures: CO2 emissions per capita measures carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion divided by population. It is a key environmental sustainability metric. Wealthier, more industrialized countries typically have higher per capita emissions, though this is changing as renewable energy expands.

How "Environment" indicators are measured

Environmental indicators cover emissions, land use, biodiversity, and natural resources. Emissions data is often produced by international scientific consortia (EDGAR, Global Carbon Project) and typically lags 2–3 years due to the complexity of fuel- and process-level accounting. Per-capita metrics reveal a different story than absolute totals — small wealthy countries can have high per-capita emissions while contributing little to the global total.

Distribution — 2023

Reporting
183 countries
Median
-0.92
Mean
-23.07
25th percentile
-11.53
75th percentile
2.33
Range
-1,346.50 – 751.47

World at a Glance — 2023

Every reporting country, grouped by region, shaded by value (quintile).

East Asia & PacificAustralia: -95.82AUBrunei Darussalam: -4.46BNCambodia: 30.50KHChina: -1,346.50CNFiji: 0.56FJIndonesia: 297.90IDJapan: -50.71JPKorea, Dem. People's Rep.: -17.01KPKorea, Rep.: -41.60KRLao PDR: 11.01LAMalaysia: -223.00MYMicronesia, Fed. Sts.: -0.57FMMongolia: -30.17MNMyanmar: 48.91MMNew Zealand: -20.51NZPalau: -0.10PWPapua New Guinea: -12.84PGPhilippines: 47.24PHSamoa: -0.77WSSingapore: 0.03SGSolomon Islands: 16.22SBThailand: -91.99THTimor-Leste: -1.48TLTonga: -2.00TOTuvalu: 0.00TVVanuatu: -6.94VUViet Nam: -39.49VNEurope & Central AsiaAlbania: 1.35ALAndorra: 0.14ADArmenia: -0.47AMAustria: 7.32ATAzerbaijan: -5.21AZBelarus: -41.31BYBelgium: -0.36BEBosnia and Herzegovina: -6.40BABulgaria: -8.74BGCroatia: -5.67HRCyprus: -0.31CYCzechia: -3.58CZDenmark: -0.94DKEstonia: 1.78EEFinland: 9.18FIFrance: -38.85FRGeorgia: -5.80GEGermany: 59.89DEGreece: -4.68GRHungary: -6.92HUIceland: 6.35ISIreland: -0.07IEItaly: -54.39ITKazakhstan: 3.95KZKyrgyz Republic: -10.37KGLatvia: 3.23LVLiechtenstein: -0.01LILithuania: -5.73LTLuxembourg: -0.68LUMoldova: 0.26MDMonaco: 0.00MCMontenegro: -2.50MENetherlands: 3.11NLNorth Macedonia: -1.36MKNorway: -15.56NOPoland: -35.83PLPortugal: -2.24PTRomania: -46.56RORussian Federation: -1,193.11RUSan Marino: -0.01SMSerbia: -4.57RSSlovak Republic: -7.82SKSlovenia: -4.32SISpain: -51.48ESSweden: -32.89SESwitzerland: 1.24CHTajikistan: -0.87TJTurkiye: -69.38TRTurkmenistan: -0.87TMUkraine: -11.33UAUnited Kingdom: -6.04GBUzbekistan: -8.46UZLatin America & CaribbeanAntigua and Barbuda: 0.19AGArgentina: 47.03ARBahamas, The: 2.98BSBarbados: -0.06BBBelize: -8.88BZBolivia: 36.14BOBrazil: 751.47BRChile: -57.46CLColombia: 96.01COCosta Rica: -3.07CRCuba: -27.77CUDominica: -2.76DMDominican Republic: 2.20DOEcuador: 25.80ECEl Salvador: -0.34SVGrenada: -0.18GDGuatemala: 30.89GTGuyana: -142.41GYHaiti: 1.15HTHonduras: -7.44HNJamaica: -1.63JMMexico: -201.94MXNicaragua: 12.72NIPanama: -27.92PAParaguay: 4.70PYPeru: 100.79PESt. Kitts and Nevis: -0.14KNSt. Lucia: -0.23LCSt. Vincent and the Grenadines: -0.06VCSuriname: -17.80SRTrinidad and Tobago: -2.19TTUruguay: -9.07UYVenezuela, RB: -284.92VEMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & PakistanAfghanistan: 10.55AFAlgeria: -11.53DZBahrain: -0.03BHDjibouti: -7.00DJIran, Islamic Rep.: 21.53IRIsrael: -0.26ILJordan: -0.92JOKuwait: 0.13KWLebanon: -3.25LBMalta: 0.00MTMorocco: -0.73MAPakistan: 28.29PKSaudi Arabia: -8.98SASyrian Arab Republic: -0.04SYTunisia: -13.43TNUnited Arab Emirates: -1.07AEYemen, Rep.: -1.89YENorth AmericaCanada: 3.28CAUnited States: -921.79USSouth AsiaBangladesh: 0.37BDBhutan: -11.33BTIndia: -485.47INNepal: -16.23NPSri Lanka: -18.48LKSub-Saharan AfricaAngola: 70.41AOBenin: -3.96BJBotswana: -2.82BWBurkina Faso: 40.14BFBurundi: -15.42BICabo Verde: -0.06CVCameroon: -76.60CMCentral African Republic: -160.37CFChad: -5.14TDComoros: -2.14KMCongo, Dem. Rep.: 2.33CDCongo, Rep.: -18.25CGCote d'Ivoire: 54.68CIEquatorial Guinea: 8.55GQEritrea: -0.21EREswatini: -3.63SZEthiopia: 123.03ETGabon: -108.80GAGambia, The: 1.19GMGhana: 6.80GHGuinea: 33.60GNGuinea-Bissau: -22.54GWKenya: 46.85KELesotho: 7.49LSLiberia: -20.50LRMadagascar: 34.34MGMalawi: -0.56MWMali: -155.04MLMauritania: -0.89MRMauritius: -1.28MUMozambique: 33.72MZNamibia: -110.71NANiger: -9.00NENigeria: 225.60NGRwanda: -7.09RWSao Tome and Principe: -0.52STSenegal: -13.00SNSeychelles: -0.15SCSomalia, Fed. Rep.: 17.35SOSouth Africa: -56.71ZASouth Sudan: 2.76SSSudan: 8.02SDTanzania: 43.74TZTogo: 29.52TGUganda: 56.47UGZambia: -33.66ZMZimbabwe: 15.24ZW

Lighter = lower value · Darker = higher value. Hover a cell to see the country and value.

Highest Values — 2023

# Country Carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Total excluding non-tropical fires (Mt CO2e)
1 Brazil Latin America & Caribbean 751.47
2 Indonesia East Asia & Pacific 297.90
3 Nigeria Sub-Saharan Africa 225.60
4 Ethiopia Sub-Saharan Africa 123.03
5 Peru Latin America & Caribbean 100.79
6 Colombia Latin America & Caribbean 96.01
7 Angola Sub-Saharan Africa 70.41
8 Germany Europe & Central Asia 59.89
9 Uganda Sub-Saharan Africa 56.47
10 Cote d'Ivoire Sub-Saharan Africa 54.68

Looking for a specific country? Only the top and bottom 10 appear here. See where every country ranks for Carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Total excluding non-tropical fires (Mt CO2e).

View complete rankings →

Biggest Movers — Year over Year

Largest increases

Largest decreases

By Income Group — Average

Income group Countries Mean
High income 61 -46.16
Upper middle income 49 -18.23
Lower middle income 47 -3.65
Low income 24 -7.43
Not classified 2 -80.94

By Region — Average

Region Countries Mean
East Asia & Pacific 27 -56.80
Europe & Central Asia 52 -30.73
Latin America & Caribbean 33 9.57
Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 17 0.67
North America 2 -459.26
South Asia 5 -106.23
Sub-Saharan Africa 47 0.70

Lowest Values — 2023

# Country Carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Total excluding non-tropical fires (Mt CO2e)
1 China -1,346.50
2 Russian Federation -1,193.11
3 United States -921.79
4 India -485.47
5 Venezuela, RB -284.92
6 Malaysia -223.00
7 Mexico -201.94
8 Central African Republic -160.37
9 Mali -155.04
10 Guyana -142.41
Download full dataset: CSV JSON

Source: World Bank Open Data (EN.GHG.CO2.LU.MT.CE.AR5), CC BY 4.0. Rankings show countries with available data for 2023.