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Environment

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990)

Change of emissions (as %) of current year with respect to emissions in baseline year 1990 emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), one of the six Kyoto greenhouse gases (GHG), from the agriculture, energy, waste, and industrial sectors, excluding LULUCF.. The measure is standardized to carbon dioxide equivalent values using the Global Warming Potential (GWP) factors of IPCC's 5th Assessment Report (AR5). Negative values indicate that the emission level for that year is lower than the emissions level in 1990.

World Bank code: EN.GHG.CO2.ZG.AR5 • Data available for 201 countries • Latest year: 2024

In , Greenland led Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) at 53,909.09.

The world median across 201 reporting countries was 125.96.

What this measures: CO2 emissions per capita measures carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion divided by population. It is a key environmental sustainability metric. Wealthier, more industrialized countries typically have higher per capita emissions, though this is changing as renewable energy expands.

How "Environment" indicators are measured

Environmental indicators cover emissions, land use, biodiversity, and natural resources. Emissions data is often produced by international scientific consortia (EDGAR, Global Carbon Project) and typically lags 2–3 years due to the complexity of fuel- and process-level accounting. Per-capita metrics reveal a different story than absolute totals — small wealthy countries can have high per-capita emissions while contributing little to the global total.

Distribution — 2024

Reporting
201 countries
Median
125.96
Mean
621.62
25th percentile
-1.22
75th percentile
314.95
Range
-84.92 – 53,909.09

World at a Glance — 2024

Every reporting country, grouped by region, shaded by value (quintile).

East Asia & PacificAmerican Samoa: 0.00ASAustralia: 38.06AUBrunei Darussalam: 117.83BNCambodia: 4,422.85KHChina: 443.63CNFiji: 49.44FJFrench Polynesia: 15.04PFGuam: 50.00GUHong Kong SAR, China: -1.22HKIndonesia: 402.08IDJapan: -16.35JPKiribati: 377.25KIKorea, Dem. People's Rep.: -49.81KPKorea, Rep.: 125.96KRLao PDR: 10,084.72LAMacao SAR, China: 83.84MOMalaysia: 359.38MYMarshall Islands: 0.00MHMicronesia, Fed. Sts.: 100.00FMMongolia: 110.36MNMyanmar: 607.55MMNew Caledonia: 217.70NCNew Zealand: 27.34NZNorthern Mariana Islands: 0.00MPPalau: -32.01PWPapua New Guinea: 154.32PGPhilippines: 307.72PHSamoa: 184.85WSSingapore: 86.01SGSolomon Islands: 98.30SBThailand: 197.54THTimor-Leste: 903.44TLTonga: 90.57TOVanuatu: 179.78VUViet Nam: 1,993.61VNEurope & Central AsiaAlbania: -36.14ALArmenia: -63.94AMAustria: -5.74ATAzerbaijan: -30.71AZBelarus: -48.63BYBelgium: -25.19BEBosnia and Herzegovina: -16.95BABulgaria: -57.29BGCroatia: -22.24HRCyprus: 58.24CYCzechia: -53.02CZDenmark: -51.23DKEstonia: -73.41EEFaroe Islands: 31.25FOFinland: -44.67FIFrance: -28.71FRGeorgia: -60.95GEGermany: -42.73DEGibraltar: 341.66GIGreece: -32.60GRGreenland: 53,909.09GLHungary: -41.06HUIceland: 40.75ISIreland: 0.71IEItaly: -29.77ITKazakhstan: 4.09KZKyrgyz Republic: -54.58KGLatvia: -65.30LVLithuania: -63.07LTLuxembourg: -40.33LUMoldova: -74.20MDNetherlands: -27.93NLNorth Macedonia: -34.79MKNorway: 10.15NOPoland: -25.69PLPortugal: -18.93PTRomania: -62.24RORussian Federation: -17.53RUSlovak Republic: -50.70SKSlovenia: -9.22SISpain: -4.09ESSweden: -33.89SESwitzerland: -24.63CHTajikistan: -20.71TJTurkiye: 196.48TRTurkmenistan: 78.16TMUkraine: -84.92UAUnited Kingdom: -49.81GBUzbekistan: 16.18UZLatin America & CaribbeanAntigua and Barbuda: 117.20AGArgentina: 82.91ARAruba: 176.62AWBahamas, The: 34.30BSBarbados: 15.75BBBelize: 207.43BZBolivia: 331.87BOBrazil: 116.61BRBritish Virgin Islands: 401.64VGCayman Islands: 221.52KYChile: 134.26CLColombia: 78.71COCosta Rica: 187.21CRCuba: -45.68CUDominica: 295.77DMDominican Republic: 326.78DOEcuador: 173.19ECEl Salvador: 267.82SVGrenada: 245.58GDGuatemala: 419.72GTGuyana: 222.79GYHaiti: 207.80HTHonduras: 420.79HNJamaica: 4.80JMMexico: 64.33MXNicaragua: 192.12NIPanama: 354.28PAParaguay: 267.46PYPeru: 232.30PEPuerto Rico (US): -18.87PRSt. Kitts and Nevis: 549.52KNSt. Lucia: 330.07LCSt. Vincent and the Grenadines: 348.98VCSuriname: 134.74SRTrinidad and Tobago: 111.49TTTurks and Caicos Islands: 4,392.16TCUruguay: 120.75UYVenezuela, RB: -6.01VEVirgin Islands (U.S.): 0.00VIMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & PakistanAfghanistan: 314.95AFAlgeria: 158.26DZBahrain: 216.49BHDjibouti: -8.21DJEgypt, Arab Rep.: 218.69EGIran, Islamic Rep.: 297.64IRIraq: 243.69IQIsrael: 63.72ILJordan: 139.72JOKuwait: 257.73KWLebanon: 84.18LBLibya: 96.04LYMalta: -22.12MTMorocco: 211.83MAOman: 500.31OMPakistan: 210.77PKQatar: 696.54QASaudi Arabia: 275.22SASyrian Arab Republic: -4.71SYTunisia: 117.82TNUnited Arab Emirates: 252.55AEYemen, Rep.: 48.86YENorth AmericaBermuda: 5.86BMCanada: 31.21CAUnited States: -7.05USSouth AsiaBangladesh: 741.00BDBhutan: 780.96BTIndia: 425.04INMaldives: 1,889.85MVNepal: 1,360.12NPSri Lanka: 450.48LKSub-Saharan AfricaAngola: 150.21AOBenin: 1,668.21BJBotswana: 144.48BWBurkina Faso: 1,878.52BFBurundi: 382.42BICabo Verde: 1,156.88CVCameroon: 116.40CMCentral African Republic: 111.80CFChad: 1,128.89TDComoros: 1,035.62KMCongo, Dem. Rep.: 84.23CDCongo, Rep.: 254.66CGCote d'Ivoire: 532.92CIEquatorial Guinea: 6,688.89GQEritrea: 136.33EREswatini: -1.06SZEthiopia: 785.25ETGabon: -15.76GAGambia, The: 301.55GMGhana: 671.97GHGuinea: 449.67GNGuinea-Bissau: 102.49GWKenya: 234.64KELesotho: 819.67LSLiberia: 131.10LRMadagascar: 415.77MGMalawi: 212.01MWMali: 2,221.36MLMauritania: 608.75MRMauritius: 271.11MUMozambique: 770.36MZNamibia: 192.31NANiger: 418.00NENigeria: 75.62NGRwanda: 317.97RWSao Tome and Principe: 282.64STSenegal: 500.47SNSeychelles: 230.27SCSierra Leone: 130.93SLSomalia, Fed. Rep.: 37.62SOSouth Africa: 40.08ZASudan: 294.26SDTanzania: 923.96TZTogo: 247.98TGUganda: 893.61UGZambia: 282.12ZMZimbabwe: -26.18ZW

Lighter = lower value · Darker = higher value. Hover a cell to see the country and value.

Highest Values — 2024

# Country Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990)
1 Greenland Europe & Central Asia 53,909.09
2 Lao PDR East Asia & Pacific 10,084.72
3 Equatorial Guinea Sub-Saharan Africa 6,688.89
4 Cambodia East Asia & Pacific 4,422.85
5 Turks and Caicos Islands Latin America & Caribbean 4,392.16
6 Mali Sub-Saharan Africa 2,221.36
7 Viet Nam East Asia & Pacific 1,993.61
8 Maldives South Asia 1,889.85
9 Burkina Faso Sub-Saharan Africa 1,878.52
10 Benin Sub-Saharan Africa 1,668.21

Looking for a specific country? Only the top and bottom 10 appear here. See where every country ranks for Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990).

View complete rankings →

Biggest Movers — Year over Year

Largest increases

Largest decreases

By Income Group — Average

Income group Countries Mean
High income 76 837.16
Upper middle income 50 323.76
Lower middle income 49 690.37
Low income 24 438.60
Not classified 2 389.62

By Region — Average

Region Countries Mean
East Asia & Pacific 35 620.85
Europe & Central Asia 49 1,084.88
Latin America & Caribbean 39 300.48
Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 22 198.63
North America 3 10.01
South Asia 6 941.24
Sub-Saharan Africa 47 601.94

Lowest Values — 2024

# Country Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990)
1 Ukraine -84.92
2 Moldova -74.20
3 Estonia -73.41
4 Latvia -65.30
5 Armenia -63.94
6 Lithuania -63.07
7 Romania -62.24
8 Georgia -60.95
9 Bulgaria -57.29
10 Kyrgyz Republic -54.58
Download full dataset: CSV JSON

Source: World Bank Open Data (EN.GHG.CO2.ZG.AR5), CC BY 4.0. Rankings show countries with available data for 2024.