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Environment

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Building (Energy) (Mt CO2e)

A measure of annual emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), one of the six Kyoto greenhouse gases (GHG), from the building sector (subsector of the energy sector) including IPCC 2006 codes 1.A.4 Residential and other sectors, 1.A.5 Non-Specified. The measure is standardized to carbon dioxide equivalent values using the Global Warming Potential (GWP) factors of IPCC's 5th Assessment Report (AR5).

World Bank code: EN.GHG.CO2.BU.MT.CE.AR5 • Data available for 193 countries • Latest year: 2024

In , China led Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Building (Energy) (Mt CO2e) at 586.64.

The world median across 193 reporting countries was 1.08.

What this measures: CO2 emissions per capita measures carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion divided by population. It is a key environmental sustainability metric. Wealthier, more industrialized countries typically have higher per capita emissions, though this is changing as renewable energy expands.

How "Environment" indicators are measured

Environmental indicators cover emissions, land use, biodiversity, and natural resources. Emissions data is often produced by international scientific consortia (EDGAR, Global Carbon Project) and typically lags 2–3 years due to the complexity of fuel- and process-level accounting. Per-capita metrics reveal a different story than absolute totals — small wealthy countries can have high per-capita emissions while contributing little to the global total.

Distribution — 2024

Reporting
193 countries
Median
1.08
Mean
16.92
25th percentile
0.18
75th percentile
7.19
Range
0.01 – 586.64

World at a Glance — 2024

Every reporting country, grouped by region, shaded by value (quintile).

East Asia & PacificAustralia: 29.86AUBrunei Darussalam: 0.08BNCambodia: 1.66KHChina: 586.64CNFiji: 0.20FJFrench Polynesia: 0.13PFHong Kong SAR, China: 1.83HKIndonesia: 31.28IDJapan: 103.80JPKiribati: 0.01KIKorea, Dem. People's Rep.: 11.68KPKorea, Rep.: 49.28KRLao PDR: 0.08LAMacao SAR, China: 0.22MOMalaysia: 8.47MYMongolia: 3.33MNMyanmar: 1.94MMNew Caledonia: 0.33NCNew Zealand: 3.29NZPalau: 0.11PWPapua New Guinea: 0.61PGPhilippines: 10.71PHSamoa: 0.05WSSingapore: 0.78SGSolomon Islands: 0.04SBThailand: 13.79THTimor-Leste: 0.09TLTonga: 0.02TOVanuatu: 0.04VUViet Nam: 16.78VNEurope & Central AsiaAlbania: 0.76ALArmenia: 2.30AMAustria: 6.67ATAzerbaijan: 10.18AZBelarus: 7.19BYBelgium: 20.01BEBosnia and Herzegovina: 0.81BABulgaria: 1.08BGCroatia: 2.59HRCyprus: 0.48CYCzechia: 8.43CZDenmark: 3.70DKEstonia: 0.55EEFinland: 2.95FIFrance: 56.34FRGeorgia: 3.16GEGermany: 118.92DEGreece: 5.46GRGreenland: 0.34GLHungary: 9.33HUIceland: 0.56ISIreland: 7.26IEItaly: 56.91ITKazakhstan: 38.14KZKyrgyz Republic: 4.59KGLatvia: 1.27LVLithuania: 1.33LTLuxembourg: 1.49LUMoldova: 1.38MDNetherlands: 22.60NLNorth Macedonia: 0.18MKNorway: 2.58NOPoland: 40.62PLPortugal: 3.44PTRomania: 12.45RORussian Federation: 249.23RUSlovak Republic: 4.15SKSlovenia: 1.09SISpain: 28.60ESSweden: 1.97SESwitzerland: 9.67CHTajikistan: 2.30TJTurkiye: 72.69TRTurkmenistan: 29.53TMUkraine: 18.16UAUnited Kingdom: 74.58GBUzbekistan: 36.66UZLatin America & CaribbeanAntigua and Barbuda: 0.03AGArgentina: 39.40ARAruba: 0.04AWBahamas, The: 0.12BSBarbados: 0.05BBBelize: 0.03BZBolivia: 3.35BOBrazil: 42.32BRBritish Virgin Islands: 0.01VGCayman Islands: 0.03KYChile: 8.17CLColombia: 8.10COCosta Rica: 0.52CRCuba: 2.07CUDominica: 0.01DMDominican Republic: 1.89DOEcuador: 6.87ECEl Salvador: 0.77SVGrenada: 0.01GDGuatemala: 1.39GTGuyana: 0.23GYHaiti: 0.27HTHonduras: 0.64HNJamaica: 0.74JMMexico: 31.50MXNicaragua: 0.81NIPanama: 0.54PAParaguay: 0.20PYPeru: 4.98PEPuerto Rico (US): 0.72PRSt. Kitts and Nevis: 0.01KNSt. Lucia: 0.02LCSt. Vincent and the Grenadines: 0.01VCSuriname: 0.59SRTrinidad and Tobago: 0.39TTTurks and Caicos Islands: 0.02TCUruguay: 1.00UYVenezuela, RB: 3.62VEMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & PakistanAfghanistan: 1.14AFAlgeria: 29.61DZBahrain: 0.26BHDjibouti: 0.07DJEgypt, Arab Rep.: 17.67EGIran, Islamic Rep.: 175.71IRIraq: 10.30IQIsrael: 2.50ILJordan: 2.98JOKuwait: 1.17KWLebanon: 0.43LBLibya: 1.20LYMalta: 0.14MTMorocco: 12.07MAOman: 22.16OMPakistan: 20.82PKQatar: 0.47QASaudi Arabia: 5.30SASyrian Arab Republic: 2.97SYTunisia: 4.72TNUnited Arab Emirates: 0.66AEYemen, Rep.: 2.55YENorth AmericaBermuda: 0.02BMCanada: 89.27CAUnited States: 557.85USSouth AsiaBangladesh: 11.44BDBhutan: 0.07BTIndia: 210.24INMaldives: 0.25MVNepal: 2.12NPSri Lanka: 1.24LKSub-Saharan AfricaAngola: 7.26AOBenin: 0.23BJBotswana: 0.14BWBurkina Faso: 0.54BFBurundi: 0.09BICabo Verde: 0.07CVCameroon: 0.76CMCentral African Republic: 0.03CFChad: 0.22TDComoros: 0.05KMCongo, Dem. Rep.: 0.07CDCongo, Rep.: 0.08CGCote d'Ivoire: 2.04CIEquatorial Guinea: 0.13GQEritrea: 0.05EREswatini: 0.03SZEthiopia: 1.47ETGabon: 0.16GAGambia, The: 0.05GMGhana: 0.76GHGuinea: 0.46GNGuinea-Bissau: 0.03GWKenya: 2.07KELesotho: 0.10LSLiberia: 0.07LRMadagascar: 0.44MGMalawi: 0.27MWMali: 0.68MLMauritania: 0.47MRMauritius: 0.24MUMozambique: 0.28MZNamibia: 1.02NANiger: 0.22NENigeria: 4.46NGRwanda: 0.18RWSao Tome and Principe: 0.02STSenegal: 0.65SNSeychelles: 0.09SCSierra Leone: 0.13SLSomalia, Fed. Rep.: 0.09SOSouth Africa: 22.67ZASudan: 1.37SDTanzania: 0.92TZTogo: 0.16TGUganda: 0.68UGZambia: 0.47ZMZimbabwe: 1.66ZW

Lighter = lower value · Darker = higher value. Hover a cell to see the country and value.

Highest Values — 2024

# Country Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Building (Energy) (Mt CO2e)
1 China East Asia & Pacific 586.64
2 United States North America 557.85
3 Russian Federation Europe & Central Asia 249.23
4 India South Asia 210.24
5 Iran, Islamic Rep. Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 175.71
6 Germany Europe & Central Asia 118.92
7 Japan East Asia & Pacific 103.80
8 Canada North America 89.27
9 United Kingdom Europe & Central Asia 74.58
10 Turkiye Europe & Central Asia 72.69

Looking for a specific country? Only the top and bottom 10 appear here. See where every country ranks for Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Building (Energy) (Mt CO2e).

View complete rankings →

Biggest Movers — Year over Year

Largest increases

Largest decreases

By Income Group — Average

Income group Countries Mean
High income 70 23.40
Upper middle income 49 24.69
Lower middle income 48 8.08
Low income 24 1.00
Not classified 2 2.55

By Region — Average

Region Countries Mean
East Asia & Pacific 30 29.24
Europe & Central Asia 47 20.95
Latin America & Caribbean 38 4.25
Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 22 14.31
North America 3 215.71
South Asia 6 37.56
Sub-Saharan Africa 47 1.15

Lowest Values — 2024

# Country Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Building (Energy) (Mt CO2e)
1 Dominica 0.01
2 British Virgin Islands 0.01
3 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.01
4 St. Kitts and Nevis 0.01
5 Kiribati 0.01
6 Grenada 0.01
7 Sao Tome and Principe 0.02
8 Turks and Caicos Islands 0.02
9 Bermuda 0.02
10 Tonga 0.02
Download full dataset: CSV JSON

Source: World Bank Open Data (EN.GHG.CO2.BU.MT.CE.AR5), CC BY 4.0. Rankings show countries with available data for 2024.