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Economy

Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage (% of GNI)

Cost of damage due to carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel use and the manufacture of cement, estimated to be US$40 per ton of CO2 (the unit damage in 2017 US dollars for CO2 emitted in 2020) times the number of tons of CO2 emitted. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross National Income (GNI) which is the total income earned by all residents within an economic territory during an accounting period. It is equal to gross domestic product plus earned income receivable from abroad minus earned income payable abroad.

World Bank code: NY.ADJ.DCO2.GN.ZS • Data available for 201 countries • Latest year: 2021

In , Iran, Islamic Rep. led Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage (% of GNI) at 8.62.

The world median across 186 reporting countries was 1.30.

What this measures: CO2 emissions per capita measures carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion divided by population. It is a key environmental sustainability metric. Wealthier, more industrialized countries typically have higher per capita emissions, though this is changing as renewable energy expands.

How "Economy" indicators are measured

Economic indicators measure the size, structure, and dynamics of a country's economy. The World Bank collects data from national statistical offices, central banks, and the IMF, then normalizes it for cross-country comparison. Watch out for nominal versus real (inflation-adjusted) values: nominal figures in current US dollars are sensitive to exchange rate swings, while constant dollar series isolate real growth. Most macro indicators have a 1–2 year reporting lag.

Distribution — 2021

Reporting
186 countries
Median
1.30
Mean
1.82
25th percentile
0.89
75th percentile
2.31
Range
0.08 – 8.62

World at a Glance — 2021

Every reporting country, grouped by region, shaded by value (quintile).

East Asia & PacificAustralia: 1.10AUBrunei Darussalam: 2.24BNCambodia: 3.30KHChina: 2.75CNFiji: 1.48FJHong Kong SAR, China: 0.38HKIndonesia: 2.38IDJapan: 0.88JPKiribati: 1.19KIKorea, Rep.: 1.49KRLao PDR: 7.23LAMacao SAR, China: 0.39MOMalaysia: 2.91MYMarshall Islands: 2.83MHMicronesia, Fed. Sts.: 1.92FMMongolia: 7.36MNMyanmar: 2.77MMNauru: 1.18NRNew Zealand: 0.61NZPalau: 4.06PWPapua New Guinea: 1.32PGPhilippines: 1.56PHSamoa: 1.60WSSingapore: 0.60SGSolomon Islands: 0.89SBThailand: 2.26THTimor-Leste: 2.42TLTonga: 1.51TOTuvalu: 0.52TVVanuatu: 0.93VUViet Nam: 4.84VNEurope & Central AsiaAlbania: 1.24ALArmenia: 1.95AMAustria: 0.57ATAzerbaijan: 3.14AZBelarus: 3.93BYBelgium: 0.67BEBosnia and Herzegovina: 4.11BABulgaria: 2.08BGCroatia: 1.04HRCyprus: 1.22CYCzechia: 1.46CZDenmark: 0.29DKEstonia: 1.15EEFaroe Islands: 1.01FOFinland: 0.56FIFrance: 0.42FRGeorgia: 2.81GEGermany: 0.63DEGreece: 1.18GRHungary: 1.15HUIceland: 0.26ISIreland: 0.44IEItaly: 0.61ITKazakhstan: 5.04KZKosovo: 4.19XKKyrgyz Republic: 5.43KGLatvia: 0.82LVLithuania: 0.81LTLuxembourg: 0.68LUMoldova: 2.82MDMontenegro: 1.76MENetherlands: 0.64NLNorth Macedonia: 2.53MKNorway: 0.32NOPoland: 2.00PLPortugal: 0.76PTRomania: 1.10RORussian Federation: 4.40RUSerbia: 3.49RSSlovak Republic: 1.13SKSlovenia: 0.97SISpain: 0.67ESSweden: 0.22SESwitzerland: 0.20CHTajikistan: 5.57TJTurkiye: 2.44TRUkraine: 3.67UAUnited Kingdom: 0.43GBUzbekistan: 7.16UZLatin America & CaribbeanAntigua and Barbuda: 1.25AGArgentina: 1.57ARAruba: 1.90AWBahamas, The: 1.04BSBarbados: 0.93BBBelize: 1.17BZBolivia: 2.48BOBrazil: 1.27BRChile: 1.44CLColombia: 1.19COCosta Rica: 0.61CRDominica: 1.18DMDominican Republic: 1.36DOEcuador: 1.58ECEl Salvador: 1.28SVGrenada: 1.17GDGuatemala: 1.16GTGuyana: 3.00GYHaiti: 0.70HTHonduras: 1.74HNJamaica: 2.53JMMexico: 1.49MXNicaragua: 1.89NIPanama: 0.89PAParaguay: 1.06PYPeru: 1.21PEPuerto Rico (US): 0.08PRSt. Kitts and Nevis: 1.05KNSt. Lucia: 1.21LCSt. Vincent and the Grenadines: 1.17VCSuriname: 4.00SRTrinidad and Tobago: 2.75TTTurks and Caicos Islands: 1.04TCUruguay: 0.49UYMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & PakistanAfghanistan: 1.22AFAlgeria: 4.91DZDjibouti: 0.45DJEgypt, Arab Rep.: 3.01EGIran, Islamic Rep.: 8.62IRIraq: 3.44IQIsrael: 0.56ILJordan: 2.44JOLebanon: 4.39LBLibya: 6.09LYMalta: 0.35MTMorocco: 2.17MAOman: 4.28OMPakistan: 2.62PKQatar: 2.31QATunisia: 2.82TNWest Bank and Gaza: 0.69PSNorth AmericaBermuda: 0.49BMCanada: 1.28CAUnited States: 0.89USSouth AsiaBangladesh: 1.03BDBhutan: 2.03BTIndia: 3.44INMaldives: 1.97MVNepal: 2.02NPSri Lanka: 1.27LKSub-Saharan AfricaAngola: 1.71AOBenin: 2.14BJBotswana: 2.24BWBurkina Faso: 1.40BFBurundi: 1.38BICabo Verde: 1.39CVCameroon: 0.99CMCentral African Republic: 0.47CFChad: 0.95TDComoros: 1.26KMCongo, Dem. Rep.: 0.27CDCongo, Rep.: 2.54CGCote d'Ivoire: 0.77CIEquatorial Guinea: 2.32GQEswatini: 1.10SZEthiopia: 0.89ETGabon: 1.27GAGambia, The: 1.40GMGhana: 1.27GHGuinea: 1.35GNGuinea-Bissau: 0.93GWKenya: 1.03KELesotho: 1.17LSLiberia: 1.75LRMadagascar: 1.37MGMalawi: 0.56MWMali: 1.60MLMauritania: 1.89MRMauritius: 1.37MUMozambique: 2.52MZNamibia: 1.51NANiger: 0.65NENigeria: 1.23NGRwanda: 0.62RWSao Tome and Principe: 1.34STSenegal: 1.89SNSeychelles: 2.01SCSierra Leone: 1.04SLSomalia, Fed. Rep.: 0.42SOSouth Africa: 4.64ZASudan: 2.92SDTanzania: 0.87TZTogo: 1.20TGUganda: 0.83UGZambia: 1.77ZMZimbabwe: 1.81ZW

Lighter = lower value · Darker = higher value. Hover a cell to see the country and value.

Highest Values — 2021

# Country Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage (% of GNI)
1 Iran, Islamic Rep. Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 8.62
2 Mongolia East Asia & Pacific 7.36
3 Lao PDR East Asia & Pacific 7.23
4 Uzbekistan Europe & Central Asia 7.16
5 Libya Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 6.09
6 Tajikistan Europe & Central Asia 5.57
7 Kyrgyz Republic Europe & Central Asia 5.43
8 Kazakhstan Europe & Central Asia 5.04
9 Algeria Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 4.91
10 Viet Nam East Asia & Pacific 4.84

Looking for a specific country? Only the top and bottom 10 appear here. See where every country ranks for Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage (% of GNI).

View complete rankings →

Biggest Movers — Year over Year

Largest increases

Largest decreases

By Income Group — Average

Income group Countries Mean
High income 63 1.13
Upper middle income 52 2.55
Lower middle income 50 2.19
Low income 20 1.17
Not classified 1 0.89

By Region — Average

Region Countries Mean
East Asia & Pacific 31 2.16
Europe & Central Asia 49 1.86
Latin America & Caribbean 34 1.44
Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 17 2.96
North America 3 0.89
South Asia 6 1.96
Sub-Saharan Africa 46 1.44

Lowest Values — 2021

# Country Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage (% of GNI)
1 Puerto Rico (US) 0.08
2 Switzerland 0.20
3 Sweden 0.22
4 Iceland 0.26
5 Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.27
6 Denmark 0.29
7 Norway 0.32
8 Malta 0.35
9 Hong Kong SAR, China 0.38
10 Macao SAR, China 0.39
Download full dataset: CSV JSON

Source: World Bank Open Data (NY.ADJ.DCO2.GN.ZS), CC BY 4.0. Rankings show countries with available data for 2021.