🇹🇷Turkiye: All Indicators

Arable land (% of land area) 2023 26.35 Arable land (hectares per person) 2023 0.24 Land area where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total land area) 2015 0.57 Rural land area (sq. km) 2015 754,924.70 Rural land area where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total land area) 2015 0.49 Rural land area where elevation is below 5 meters (sq. km) 2015 3,767.67 Surface area (sq. km) 2023 785,350.00 Urban land area (sq. km) 2015 15,460.69 Urban land area where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total land area) 2015 0.08 Urban land area where elevation is below 5 meters (sq. km) 2015 643.44

Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage (% of GNI) 2021 2.44 Adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 2021 15.33 Adjusted savings: education expenditure (% of GNI) 2021 4.12 Adjusted savings: energy depletion (% of GNI) 2021 0.12 Adjusted savings: mineral depletion (% of GNI) 2021 0.28 Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 2024 5.82 Coal rents (% of GDP) 2021 0.05 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 2024 27.57 Forest rents (% of GDP) 2021 0.00 GDP (constant 2015 US$) 2024 1.32T GDP (current US$) 2024 1.36T GDP growth (annual %) 2024 3.33 GDP per capita (constant 2015 US$) 2024 15,395.03 GDP per capita (current US$) 2024 15,892.72 GDP per capita growth (annual %) 2024 3.09 GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2021 international $) 2024 36,154.49 GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) 2024 45,639.02 GDP, PPP (constant 2021 international $) 2024 3.09T GDP, PPP (current international $) 2024 3.90T GNI (current US$) 2024 1.34T GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) 2024 13,460.00 GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) 2024 44,600.00 GNI, Atlas method (current US$) 2024 1.15T GNI, PPP (current international $) 2024 3.81T Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 2024 27.03 Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) 2024 25.50 Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) 2024 59.28 Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) 2024 58.51 Mineral rents (% of GDP) 2021 0.63 Natural gas rents (% of GDP) 2021 0.01 Oil rents (% of GDP) 2021 0.14 Services, value added (% of GDP) 2024 57.52 Total natural resources rents (% of GDP) 2021 0.83 Trade (% of GDP) 2024 54.60

Compulsory education, duration (years) 2025 12.00 Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP) 2022 3.10 Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) 2021 97.26 Preprimary education, duration (years) 2025 6.00 Primary education, duration (years) 2025 4.00 School enrollment, primary (% gross) 2023 102.44 School enrollment, secondary (% gross) 2023 118.41 Secondary education, duration (years) 2025 8.00

Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking (% of population) 2023 95.30 Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking, rural (% of rural population) 2023 84.20 Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking, urban (% of urban population) 2023 99.50 Access to electricity (% of population) 2023 100.00 Access to electricity, rural (% of rural population) 2023 100.00 Access to electricity, urban (% of urban population) 2023 100.00 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2024 3,730.82 Electricity production from renewable sources, excluding hydroelectric (% of total) 2021 18.71 Electricity production from renewable sources, excluding hydroelectric (kWh) 2021 62.63B Renewable electricity output (% of total electricity output) 2021 35.42

Bird species, threatened 2022 22.00 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 2024 196.48 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e) 2024 460.03 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita) 2024 5.38 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Building (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 72.69 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Fugitive Emissions (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 15.55 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Industrial Combustion (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 75.02 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Industrial Processes (Mt CO2e) 2024 54.44 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Power Industry (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 140.91 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Transport (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 99.29 Carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Total excluding non-tropical fires (Mt CO2e) 2023 -69.38 Carbon intensity of GDP (kg CO2e per constant 2015 US$ of GDP) 2024 0.35 Fish species, threatened 2022 148.00 Mammal species, threatened 2022 18.00 Methane (CH4) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 2024 57.95 Methane (CH4) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e) 2024 78.59 Methane (CH4) emissions from Agriculture (Mt CO2e) 2024 46.39 Methane (CH4) emissions from Building (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 1.18 Methane (CH4) emissions from Fugitive Emissions (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 9.63 Methane (CH4) emissions from Industrial Combustion (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.12 Methane (CH4) emissions from Power Industry (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.12 Methane (CH4) emissions from Transport (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.34 Methane (CH4) emissions from Waste (Mt CO2e) 2024 20.79 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 2024 52.73 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e) 2024 31.97 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Agriculture (Mt CO2e) 2024 19.40 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Building (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 1.15 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Fugitive Emissions (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.00 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Industrial Combustion (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.20 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Industrial Processes (Mt CO2e) 2024 6.27 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Power Industry (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 2.63 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Transport (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.58 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Waste (Mt CO2e) 2024 1.73 PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter) 2020 21.61 PM2.5 air pollution, population exposed to levels exceeding WHO guideline value (% of total) 2017 100.00 Plant species (higher), threatened 2022 135.00 Population density (people per sq. km of land area) 2023 110.87 Population living in areas where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total population) 2015 2.59 Rural population living in areas where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total population) 2015 0.53 Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) 2025 5.70 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2025 7.00 Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 2024 156.22 Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e) 2024 579.51 Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita) 2024 6.78 Urban population living in areas where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total population) 2015 2.05

Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) 2024 11.18 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 2024 46.48 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 2024 15.06 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 2024 31.42 Asylum-seekers by country or territory of origin 2024 158,221.00 Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) 2024 11.00 Cause of death, by communicable diseases and maternal, prenatal and nutrition conditions (% of total) 2021 22.30 Cause of death, by injury (% of total) 2021 3.22 Cause of death, by non-communicable diseases (% of total) 2021 68.76 Cause of death, by other COVID-19 pandemic-related outcomes (% of total) 2021 5.72 Current health expenditure (% of GDP) 2023 4.28 Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) 2024 5.70 Diabetes prevalence (% of population ages 20 to 79) 2024 16.50 Fertility rate, total (births per woman) 2024 1.48 Hospital beds (per 1,000 people) 2023 3.05 Immunization, DPT (% of children ages 12-23 months) 2024 99.00 Immunization, HepB3 (% of one-year-old children) 2024 99.00 Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) 2024 95.00 International migrant stock (% of population) 2024 8.10 International migrant stock, total 2024 7.08M Life expectancy at birth, female (years) 2024 80.34 Life expectancy at birth, male (years) 2024 74.62 Life expectancy at birth, total (years) 2024 77.42 Lifetime risk of maternal death (%) 2023 0.02 Lifetime risk of maternal death (1 in: rate varies by country) 2023 4,620.00 Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 2023 15.00 Mortality caused by road traffic injury (per 100,000 population) 2019 6.70 Mortality from CVD, cancer, diabetes or CRD between exact ages 30 and 70 (%) 2021 15.40 Mortality from CVD, cancer, diabetes or CRD between exact ages 30 and 70, female (%) 2021 10.10 Mortality from CVD, cancer, diabetes or CRD between exact ages 30 and 70, male (%) 2021 20.70 Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution, age-standardized (per 100,000 population) 2019 45.50 Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution, age-standardized, female (per 100,000 female population) 2019 37.20 Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution, age-standardized, male (per 100,000 male population) 2019 55.10 Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning (per 100,000 population) 2021 0.34 Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning, female (per 100,000 female population) 2021 0.23 Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning, male (per 100,000 male population) 2021 0.45 Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene (per 100,000 population) 2019 2.50 Mortality rate, adult, female (per 1,000 female adults) 2024 50.66 Mortality rate, adult, male (per 1,000 male adults) 2024 111.43 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 2024 8.00 Mortality rate, infant, female (per 1,000 live births) 2024 7.40 Mortality rate, infant, male (per 1,000 live births) 2024 8.70 Mortality rate, neonatal (per 1,000 live births) 2024 4.60 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 2024 9.60 Mortality rate, under-5, female (per 1,000 live births) 2024 8.90 Mortality rate, under-5, male (per 1,000 live births) 2024 10.30 Net migration 2025 -258,205.00 Number of deaths ages 10-14 years 2024 1,520.00 Number of deaths ages 15-19 years 2024 2,866.00 Number of deaths ages 20-24 years 2024 3,653.00 Number of deaths ages 5-9 years 2024 1,181.00 Number of infant deaths 2024 8,552.00 Number of maternal deaths 2023 160.00 Number of neonatal deaths 2024 4,912.00 Number of under-five deaths 2024 10,356.00 People practicing open defecation (% of population) 2024 0.14 People using at least basic drinking water services (% of population) 2024 95.99 People using at least basic sanitation services (% of population) 2024 99.28 Physicians (per 1,000 people) 2022 2.24 Population ages 0-14 (% of total population) 2024 21.45 Population ages 0-14, female 2024 9.00M Population ages 0-14, female (% of female population) 2024 21.00 Population ages 0-14, male 2024 9.35M Population ages 0-14, male (% of male population) 2024 21.90 Population ages 0-14, total 2024 18.34M Population ages 15-64 (% of total population) 2024 68.27 Population ages 15-64, female 2024 28.91M Population ages 15-64, female (% of female population) 2024 67.51 Population ages 15-64, male 2024 29.47M Population ages 15-64, male (% of male population) 2024 69.03 Population ages 15-64, total 2024 58.38M Population ages 65 and above (% of total population) 2024 10.28 Population ages 65 and above, female 2024 4.92M Population ages 65 and above, female (% of female population) 2024 11.49 Population ages 65 and above, male 2024 3.87M Population ages 65 and above, male (% of male population) 2024 9.07 Population ages 65 and above, total 2024 8.79M Population growth (annual %) 2024 0.23 Population, female 2024 42.83M Population, female (% of total population) 2024 50.09 Population, male 2024 42.69M Population, male (% of total population) 2024 49.91 Population, total 2024 85.52M Prevalence of anemia among non-pregnant women (% of women ages 15-49) 2023 29.20 Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women (%) 2023 31.90 Prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age (% of women ages 15-49) 2023 29.30 Probability of dying among adolescents ages 10-14 years (per 1,000) 2024 1.10 Probability of dying among adolescents ages 15-19 years (per 1,000) 2024 2.30 Probability of dying among children ages 5-9 years (per 1,000) 2024 0.90 Probability of dying among youth ages 20-24 years (per 1,000) 2024 2.80 Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 2025 19.90 Refugees under the mandate of the UNHCR by country or territory of origin 2024 139,640.00 Rural population 2024 9.11M Rural population (% of total population) 2024 10.66 Rural population growth (annual %) 2024 -2.76 Sex ratio at birth (male births per female births) 2024 1.05 Suicide mortality rate (per 100,000 population) 2021 2.69 Suicide mortality rate, female (per 100,000 female population) 2021 1.09 Suicide mortality rate, male (per 100,000 male population) 2021 4.29 Survival to age 65, female (% of cohort) 2024 90.49 Survival to age 65, male (% of cohort) 2024 80.60 Total alcohol consumption per capita (liters of pure alcohol, projected estimates, 15+ years of age) 2020 1.69 Total alcohol consumption per capita, female (liters of pure alcohol, projected estimates, female 15+ years of age) 2020 0.41 Total alcohol consumption per capita, male (liters of pure alcohol, projected estimates, male 15+ years of age) 2020 2.99 UHC service coverage index 2023 77.00 Urban population 2024 76.41M Urban population (% of total population) 2024 89.34 Urban population growth (annual %) 2024 0.59

Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 2025 14.22 Employment in agriculture, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 2025 18.05 Employment in agriculture, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 2025 12.31 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate) 2025 37.15 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate) 2025 71.89 Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) 2025 8.52

Gini index 2023 43.70 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) 2024 13.00

Central government debt, total (% of GDP) 2024 26.62 Military expenditure (% of GDP) 2024 1.92

Individuals using the Internet (% of population) 2025 89.77 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2024 107.83 Scientific and technical journal articles 2022 52,657.73 Secure Internet servers (per 1 million people) 2024 11,103.40

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) 2024 0.86 Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) 2024 11.70B High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) 2024 5.14 Merchandise exports (current US$) 2024 261.80B Merchandise exports by the reporting economy (current US$) 2023 250.89B Merchandise exports by the reporting economy, residual (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 0.15 Merchandise exports to economies in the Arab World (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 18.56 Merchandise exports to high-income economies (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 68.60 Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in East Asia & Pacific (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 2.24 Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in Europe & Central Asia (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 9.26 Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in Latin America & the Caribbean (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 1.44 Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in Middle East & North Africa (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 14.21 Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in South Asia (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 1.23 Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in Sub-Saharan Africa (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 2.88 Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies outside region (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 21.99 Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies within region (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 9.26 Merchandise imports (current US$) 2024 344.01B Merchandise imports by the reporting economy (current US$) 2023 337.27B Merchandise imports by the reporting economy, residual (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 0.11 Merchandise imports from economies in the Arab World (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 7.77 Merchandise imports from high-income economies (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 69.52 Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in East Asia & Pacific (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 16.82 Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Europe & Central Asia (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 4.23 Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Latin America & the Caribbean (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 2.25 Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Middle East & North Africa (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 3.44 Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in South Asia (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 2.73 Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Sub-Saharan Africa (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 0.90 Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies outside region (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 26.14 Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies within region (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 4.23 Merchandise trade (% of GDP) 2024 44.57 Net ODA received (% of GNI) 2023 0.14 Personal remittances, paid (current US$) 2024 1.53B