🇹🇭Thailand: All Indicators

Arable land (% of land area) 2023 31.00 Arable land (hectares per person) 2023 0.22 Land area where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total land area) 2015 4.24 Rural land area (sq. km) 2015 491,891.91 Rural land area where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total land area) 2015 3.46 Rural land area where elevation is below 5 meters (sq. km) 2015 17,671.42 Surface area (sq. km) 2023 513,115.02 Urban land area (sq. km) 2015 19,506.66 Urban land area where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total land area) 2015 0.78 Urban land area where elevation is below 5 meters (sq. km) 2015 4,007.04

Adjusted net national income per capita (annual % growth) 2003 6.67 Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage (% of GNI) 2021 2.26 Adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 2021 19.44 Adjusted savings: education expenditure (% of GNI) 2021 3.90 Adjusted savings: energy depletion (% of GNI) 2021 1.38 Adjusted savings: mineral depletion (% of GNI) 2021 0.00 Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 2024 8.71 Coal rents (% of GDP) 2021 0.03 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 2024 70.05 Forest rents (% of GDP) 2021 0.36 GDP (constant 2015 US$) 2024 471.18B GDP (current US$) 2024 526.52B GDP growth (annual %) 2024 2.54 GDP per capita (constant 2015 US$) 2024 6,574.46 GDP per capita (current US$) 2024 7,346.62 GDP per capita growth (annual %) 2024 2.59 GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2021 international $) 2024 21,740.54 GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) 2024 24,712.07 GDP, PPP (constant 2021 international $) 2024 1.56T GDP, PPP (current international $) 2024 1.77T GNI (current US$) 2024 510.44B GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) 2024 7,100.00 GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) 2024 23,960.00 GNI, Atlas method (current US$) 2024 508.95B GNI, PPP (current international $) 2024 1.72T Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 2024 66.70 Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) 2024 32.14 Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) 2024 0.93 Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) 2024 1.37 Mineral rents (% of GDP) 2021 0.00 Natural gas rents (% of GDP) 2021 0.94 Oil rents (% of GDP) 2021 0.48 Services, value added (% of GDP) 2024 59.15 Total natural resources rents (% of GDP) 2021 1.82 Trade (% of GDP) 2024 136.75

Compulsory education, duration (years) 2025 9.00 Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP) 2023 2.52 Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) 2022 91.10 Preprimary education, duration (years) 2025 5.00 Primary education, duration (years) 2025 6.00 School enrollment, primary (% gross) 2025 100.73 School enrollment, secondary (% gross) 2025 92.09 Secondary education, duration (years) 2025 6.00

Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking (% of population) 2023 86.80 Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking, rural (% of rural population) 2023 81.10 Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking, urban (% of urban population) 2023 91.90 Access to electricity (% of population) 2023 100.00 Access to electricity, rural (% of rural population) 2023 100.00 Access to electricity, urban (% of urban population) 2023 100.00 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2023 2,965.21 Electricity production from renewable sources, excluding hydroelectric (% of total) 2021 17.30 Electricity production from renewable sources, excluding hydroelectric (kWh) 2021 30.79B Renewable electricity output (% of total electricity output) 2021 19.93

Bird species, threatened 2022 66.00 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 2024 197.54 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e) 2024 283.81 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita) 2024 3.96 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Building (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 13.79 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Fugitive Emissions (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 17.05 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Industrial Combustion (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 50.01 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Industrial Processes (Mt CO2e) 2024 29.69 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Power Industry (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 88.18 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Transport (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 83.17 Carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Total excluding non-tropical fires (Mt CO2e) 2023 -91.99 Carbon intensity of GDP (kg CO2e per constant 2015 US$ of GDP) 2024 0.60 Fish species, threatened 2022 153.00 Mammal species, threatened 2022 64.00 Methane (CH4) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 2024 11.51 Methane (CH4) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e) 2024 81.08 Methane (CH4) emissions from Agriculture (Mt CO2e) 2024 45.93 Methane (CH4) emissions from Building (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.71 Methane (CH4) emissions from Fugitive Emissions (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 6.50 Methane (CH4) emissions from Industrial Combustion (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.35 Methane (CH4) emissions from Power Industry (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.53 Methane (CH4) emissions from Transport (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.35 Methane (CH4) emissions from Waste (Mt CO2e) 2024 26.65 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 2024 32.79 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e) 2024 18.29 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Agriculture (Mt CO2e) 2024 11.08 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Building (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.81 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Fugitive Emissions (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.04 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Industrial Combustion (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.50 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Industrial Processes (Mt CO2e) 2024 2.28 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Power Industry (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 1.51 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Transport (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 1.14 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Waste (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.92 PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter) 2020 31.01 PM2.5 air pollution, population exposed to levels exceeding WHO guideline value (% of total) 2017 100.00 Plant species (higher), threatened 2022 232.00 Population density (people per sq. km of land area) 2023 140.35 Population living in areas where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total population) 2015 17.47 Rural population living in areas where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total population) 2015 2.82 Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) 2025 13.40 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2025 18.40 Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 2024 130.46 Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e) 2024 422.39 Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita) 2024 5.89 Urban population living in areas where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total population) 2015 14.65

Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) 2024 25.05 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 2024 43.09 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 2024 21.98 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 2024 21.10 Asylum-seekers by country or territory of origin 2024 4,022.00 Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) 2024 8.12 Cause of death, by communicable diseases and maternal, prenatal and nutrition conditions (% of total) 2021 19.17 Cause of death, by injury (% of total) 2021 8.82 Cause of death, by non-communicable diseases (% of total) 2021 67.84 Cause of death, by other COVID-19 pandemic-related outcomes (% of total) 2021 4.18 Current health expenditure (% of GDP) 2023 4.54 Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) 2024 9.03 Diabetes prevalence (% of population ages 20 to 79) 2024 10.20 Fertility rate, total (births per woman) 2024 1.20 Hospital beds (per 1,000 people) 2023 2.39 Immunization, DPT (% of children ages 12-23 months) 2024 92.00 Immunization, HepB3 (% of one-year-old children) 2024 92.00 Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) 2024 93.00 International migrant stock (% of population) 2024 4.40 International migrant stock, total 2024 3.18M Life expectancy at birth, female (years) 2024 80.98 Life expectancy at birth, male (years) 2024 72.34 Life expectancy at birth, total (years) 2024 76.56 Lifetime risk of maternal death (%) 2023 0.03 Lifetime risk of maternal death (1 in: rate varies by country) 2023 2,895.00 Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 2023 34.00 Mortality caused by road traffic injury (per 100,000 population) 2019 32.20 Mortality from CVD, cancer, diabetes or CRD between exact ages 30 and 70 (%) 2021 14.50 Mortality from CVD, cancer, diabetes or CRD between exact ages 30 and 70, female (%) 2021 11.40 Mortality from CVD, cancer, diabetes or CRD between exact ages 30 and 70, male (%) 2021 17.60 Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution, age-standardized (per 100,000 population) 2019 46.50 Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution, age-standardized, female (per 100,000 female population) 2019 35.50 Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution, age-standardized, male (per 100,000 male population) 2019 59.90 Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning (per 100,000 population) 2021 0.38 Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning, female (per 100,000 female population) 2021 0.16 Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning, male (per 100,000 male population) 2021 0.62 Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene (per 100,000 population) 2019 11.80 Mortality rate, adult, female (per 1,000 female adults) 2024 89.94 Mortality rate, adult, male (per 1,000 male adults) 2024 211.11 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 2024 7.70 Mortality rate, infant, female (per 1,000 live births) 2024 6.90 Mortality rate, infant, male (per 1,000 live births) 2024 8.60 Mortality rate, neonatal (per 1,000 live births) 2024 5.10 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 2024 9.00 Mortality rate, under-5, female (per 1,000 live births) 2024 8.00 Mortality rate, under-5, male (per 1,000 live births) 2024 9.90 Net migration 2025 27,509.00 Number of deaths ages 10-14 years 2024 2,146.00 Number of deaths ages 15-19 years 2024 4,093.00 Number of deaths ages 20-24 years 2024 6,184.00 Number of deaths ages 5-9 years 2024 1,154.00 Number of infant deaths 2024 4,526.00 Number of maternal deaths 2023 200.00 Number of neonatal deaths 2024 2,974.00 Number of under-five deaths 2024 5,285.00 People practicing open defecation (% of population) 2024 0.00 People using at least basic drinking water services (% of population) 2024 100.00 People using at least basic sanitation services (% of population) 2024 99.35 Physicians (per 1,000 people) 2021 0.54 Population ages 0-14 (% of total population) 2024 14.75 Population ages 0-14, female 2024 5.13M Population ages 0-14, female (% of female population) 2024 13.95 Population ages 0-14, male 2024 5.44M Population ages 0-14, male (% of male population) 2024 15.59 Population ages 0-14, total 2024 10.57M Population ages 15-64 (% of total population) 2024 69.89 Population ages 15-64, female 2024 25.41M Population ages 15-64, female (% of female population) 2024 69.11 Population ages 15-64, male 2024 24.67M Population ages 15-64, male (% of male population) 2024 70.70 Population ages 15-64, total 2024 50.09M Population ages 65 and above (% of total population) 2024 15.36 Population ages 65 and above, female 2024 6.23M Population ages 65 and above, female (% of female population) 2024 16.94 Population ages 65 and above, male 2024 4.78M Population ages 65 and above, male (% of male population) 2024 13.70 Population ages 65 and above, total 2024 11.01M Population growth (annual %) 2024 -0.05 Population, female 2024 36.77M Population, female (% of total population) 2024 51.31 Population, male 2024 34.90M Population, male (% of total population) 2024 48.69 Population, total 2024 71.67M Prevalence of anemia among children (% of children ages 6-59 months) 2019 24.90 Prevalence of anemia among non-pregnant women (% of women ages 15-49) 2023 20.60 Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women (%) 2023 23.80 Prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age (% of women ages 15-49) 2023 20.70 Probability of dying among adolescents ages 10-14 years (per 1,000) 2024 2.70 Probability of dying among adolescents ages 15-19 years (per 1,000) 2024 4.80 Probability of dying among children ages 5-9 years (per 1,000) 2024 1.60 Probability of dying among youth ages 20-24 years (per 1,000) 2024 6.60 Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 2025 19.60 Refugees under the mandate of the UNHCR by country or territory of origin 2024 300.00 Rural population 2024 27.33M Rural population (% of total population) 2024 38.13 Rural population growth (annual %) 2024 -2.47 Sex ratio at birth (male births per female births) 2024 1.06 Suicide mortality rate (per 100,000 population) 2021 16.59 Suicide mortality rate, female (per 100,000 female population) 2021 5.48 Suicide mortality rate, male (per 100,000 male population) 2021 28.22 Survival to age 65, female (% of cohort) 2024 86.82 Survival to age 65, male (% of cohort) 2024 71.93 Total alcohol consumption per capita (liters of pure alcohol, projected estimates, 15+ years of age) 2020 7.99 Total alcohol consumption per capita, female (liters of pure alcohol, projected estimates, female 15+ years of age) 2020 3.08 Total alcohol consumption per capita, male (liters of pure alcohol, projected estimates, male 15+ years of age) 2020 13.29 UHC service coverage index 2023 82.00 Urban population 2024 44.34M Urban population (% of total population) 2024 61.87 Urban population growth (annual %) 2024 1.47

Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 2025 28.56 Employment in agriculture, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 2025 24.82 Employment in agriculture, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 2025 31.72 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate) 2025 58.96 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate) 2025 74.98 Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) 2025 0.78

Gini index 2024 33.30 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) 2022 5.40

Central government debt, total (% of GDP) 2024 62.20 Military expenditure (% of GDP) 2024 1.08

Individuals using the Internet (% of population) 2024 90.87 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2024 160.64 Scientific and technical journal articles 2022 18,490.53 Secure Internet servers (per 1 million people) 2024 3,150.00

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) 2024 2.72 Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) 2024 14.30B High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) 2024 28.31 Merchandise exports (current US$) 2024 300.53B Merchandise exports by the reporting economy (current US$) 2023 280.34B Merchandise exports by the reporting economy, residual (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 0.01 Merchandise exports to economies in the Arab World (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 3.45 Merchandise exports to high-income economies (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 56.84 Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in East Asia & Pacific (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 32.13 Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in Europe & Central Asia (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 0.66 Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in Latin America & the Caribbean (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 3.04 Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in Middle East & North Africa (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 0.92 Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in South Asia (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 4.41 Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in Sub-Saharan Africa (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 1.99 Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies outside region (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 11.02 Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies within region (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 32.13 Merchandise imports (current US$) 2024 306.81B Merchandise imports by the reporting economy (current US$) 2023 284.28B Merchandise imports by the reporting economy, residual (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 0.00 Merchandise imports from economies in the Arab World (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 10.27 Merchandise imports from high-income economies (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 54.16 Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in East Asia & Pacific (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 39.25 Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Europe & Central Asia (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 0.26 Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Latin America & the Caribbean (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 2.24 Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Middle East & North Africa (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 0.60 Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in South Asia (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 2.30 Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Sub-Saharan Africa (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 1.17 Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies outside region (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 6.58 Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies within region (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 39.25 Merchandise trade (% of GDP) 2024 115.35 Net ODA received (% of GNI) 2023 0.02 Personal remittances, paid (current US$) 2024 8.03B Real interest rate (%) 2024 3.55