🇪🇪Estonia: All Indicators

Arable land (% of land area) 2023 16.64 Arable land (hectares per person) 2023 0.52 Land area where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total land area) 2015 3.44 Rural land area (sq. km) 2015 42,656.57 Rural land area where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total land area) 2015 3.40 Rural land area where elevation is below 5 meters (sq. km) 2015 1,463.56 Surface area (sq. km) 2023 45,340.00 Urban land area (sq. km) 2015 449.97 Urban land area where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total land area) 2015 0.05 Urban land area where elevation is below 5 meters (sq. km) 2015 20.94

Adjusted net national income per capita (annual % growth) 2021 8.68 Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage (% of GNI) 2021 1.15 Adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 2021 17.45 Adjusted savings: education expenditure (% of GNI) 2021 4.76 Adjusted savings: energy depletion (% of GNI) 2021 0.75 Adjusted savings: mineral depletion (% of GNI) 2021 0.00 Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 2024 1.77 Coal rents (% of GDP) 2021 0.00 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 2024 75.67 Forest rents (% of GDP) 2021 0.76 GDP (constant 2015 US$) 2024 27.55B GDP (current US$) 2024 43.13B GDP growth (annual %) 2024 -0.09 GDP per capita (constant 2015 US$) 2024 20,078.14 GDP per capita (current US$) 2024 31,428.35 GDP per capita growth (annual %) 2024 -0.24 GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2021 international $) 2024 41,189.67 GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) 2024 49,968.71 GDP, PPP (constant 2021 international $) 2024 56.53B GDP, PPP (current international $) 2024 68.57B GNI (current US$) 2024 42.26B GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) 2024 28,880.00 GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) 2024 48,880.00 GNI, Atlas method (current US$) 2024 39.63B GNI, PPP (current international $) 2024 67.08B Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 2024 75.37 Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) 2024 20.15 Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) 2024 3.99 Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) 2024 3.52 Mineral rents (% of GDP) 2021 0.00 Natural gas rents (% of GDP) 2021 0.00 Oil rents (% of GDP) 2021 0.96 Services, value added (% of GDP) 2024 65.70 Total natural resources rents (% of GDP) 2021 1.72 Trade (% of GDP) 2024 151.04

Compulsory education, duration (years) 2025 9.00 Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP) 2022 5.21 Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) 2011 99.89 Preprimary education, duration (years) 2025 7.00 Primary education, duration (years) 2025 6.00 School enrollment, primary (% gross) 2024 97.82 School enrollment, secondary (% gross) 2024 108.54 Secondary education, duration (years) 2025 6.00

Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking (% of population) 2023 100.00 Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking, rural (% of rural population) 2023 100.00 Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking, urban (% of urban population) 2023 100.00 Access to electricity (% of population) 2023 100.00 Access to electricity, rural (% of rural population) 2023 100.00 Access to electricity, urban (% of urban population) 2023 100.00 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2024 5,297.52 Electricity production from renewable sources, excluding hydroelectric (% of total) 2021 39.64 Electricity production from renewable sources, excluding hydroelectric (kWh) 2021 2.86B Renewable electricity output (% of total electricity output) 2021 39.96

Bird species, threatened 2022 11.00 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 2024 -73.41 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e) 2024 10.65 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita) 2024 7.76 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Building (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.55 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Fugitive Emissions (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 4.24 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Industrial Combustion (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.26 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Industrial Processes (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.13 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Power Industry (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 2.98 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Transport (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 2.43 Carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Total excluding non-tropical fires (Mt CO2e) 2023 1.78 Carbon intensity of GDP (kg CO2e per constant 2015 US$ of GDP) 2024 0.39 Fish species, threatened 2022 4.00 Mammal species, threatened 2022 1.00 Methane (CH4) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 2024 -57.22 Methane (CH4) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e) 2024 1.63 Methane (CH4) emissions from Agriculture (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.84 Methane (CH4) emissions from Building (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.13 Methane (CH4) emissions from Fugitive Emissions (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.08 Methane (CH4) emissions from Industrial Combustion (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.00 Methane (CH4) emissions from Power Industry (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.03 Methane (CH4) emissions from Transport (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.01 Methane (CH4) emissions from Waste (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.54 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 2024 -4.31 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e) 2024 1.68 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Agriculture (Mt CO2e) 2024 1.49 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Building (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.04 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Fugitive Emissions (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.00 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Industrial Combustion (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.00 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Industrial Processes (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.05 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Power Industry (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.04 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Transport (Energy) (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.03 Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Waste (Mt CO2e) 2024 0.04 PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter) 2020 6.15 PM2.5 air pollution, population exposed to levels exceeding WHO guideline value (% of total) 2017 0.00 Plant species (higher), threatened 2022 2.00 Population density (people per sq. km of land area) 2023 32.07 Population living in areas where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total population) 2015 2.61 Rural population living in areas where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total population) 2015 1.29 Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) 2025 20.50 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2025 21.60 Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 2024 -69.02 Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e) 2024 14.13 Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita) 2024 10.30 Urban population living in areas where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total population) 2015 1.32

Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) 2024 4.68 Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 2024 58.57 Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) 2024 33.77 Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population) 2024 24.80 Asylum-seekers by country or territory of origin 2024 62.00 Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) 2024 7.10 Cause of death, by communicable diseases and maternal, prenatal and nutrition conditions (% of total) 2021 12.91 Cause of death, by injury (% of total) 2021 4.24 Cause of death, by non-communicable diseases (% of total) 2021 82.85 Cause of death, by other COVID-19 pandemic-related outcomes (% of total) 2021 0.00 Current health expenditure (% of GDP) 2024 7.84 Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) 2024 11.50 Diabetes prevalence (% of population ages 20 to 79) 2024 6.90 Fertility rate, total (births per woman) 2024 1.18 Hospital beds (per 1,000 people) 2023 4.13 Immunization, DPT (% of children ages 12-23 months) 2024 81.00 Immunization, HepB3 (% of one-year-old children) 2024 81.00 Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) 2024 83.00 International migrant stock (% of population) 2024 14.90 International migrant stock, total 2024 203,046.00 Life expectancy at birth, female (years) 2024 83.70 Life expectancy at birth, male (years) 2024 75.10 Life expectancy at birth, total (years) 2024 79.30 Lifetime risk of maternal death (%) 2023 0.01 Lifetime risk of maternal death (1 in: rate varies by country) 2023 17,634.00 Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 2023 5.00 Mortality caused by road traffic injury (per 100,000 population) 2019 4.50 Mortality from CVD, cancer, diabetes or CRD between exact ages 30 and 70 (%) 2021 15.50 Mortality from CVD, cancer, diabetes or CRD between exact ages 30 and 70, female (%) 2021 9.30 Mortality from CVD, cancer, diabetes or CRD between exact ages 30 and 70, male (%) 2021 22.60 Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution, age-standardized (per 100,000 population) 2019 12.80 Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution, age-standardized, female (per 100,000 female population) 2019 8.70 Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution, age-standardized, male (per 100,000 male population) 2019 18.90 Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning (per 100,000 population) 2021 1.42 Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning, female (per 100,000 female population) 2021 0.17 Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning, male (per 100,000 male population) 2021 2.82 Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene (per 100,000 population) 2019 2.60 Mortality rate, adult, female (per 1,000 female adults) 2024 54.18 Mortality rate, adult, male (per 1,000 male adults) 2024 137.23 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 2024 1.50 Mortality rate, infant, female (per 1,000 live births) 2024 1.40 Mortality rate, infant, male (per 1,000 live births) 2024 1.70 Mortality rate, neonatal (per 1,000 live births) 2024 0.90 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 2024 2.00 Mortality rate, under-5, female (per 1,000 live births) 2024 1.80 Mortality rate, under-5, male (per 1,000 live births) 2024 2.20 Net migration 2025 -13,350.00 Number of deaths ages 10-14 years 2024 9.00 Number of deaths ages 15-19 years 2024 30.00 Number of deaths ages 20-24 years 2024 32.00 Number of deaths ages 5-9 years 2024 7.00 Number of infant deaths 2024 17.00 Number of maternal deaths 2023 1.00 Number of neonatal deaths 2024 10.00 Number of under-five deaths 2024 23.00 People practicing open defecation (% of population) 2024 0.00 People using at least basic drinking water services (% of population) 2024 100.00 People using at least basic sanitation services (% of population) 2024 99.02 Physicians (per 1,000 people) 2022 3.47 Population ages 0-14 (% of total population) 2024 15.64 Population ages 0-14, female 2024 104,292.00 Population ages 0-14, female (% of female population) 2024 14.49 Population ages 0-14, male 2024 110,310.00 Population ages 0-14, male (% of male population) 2024 16.91 Population ages 0-14, total 2024 214,601.00 Population ages 15-64 (% of total population) 2024 63.07 Population ages 15-64, female 2024 427,303.00 Population ages 15-64, female (% of female population) 2024 59.36 Population ages 15-64, male 2024 438,165.00 Population ages 15-64, male (% of male population) 2024 67.15 Population ages 15-64, total 2024 865,468.00 Population ages 65 and above (% of total population) 2024 21.30 Population ages 65 and above, female 2024 188,244.00 Population ages 65 and above, female (% of female population) 2024 26.15 Population ages 65 and above, male 2024 104,028.00 Population ages 65 and above, male (% of male population) 2024 15.94 Population ages 65 and above, total 2024 292,272.00 Population growth (annual %) 2024 0.15 Population, female 2024 719,839.00 Population, female (% of total population) 2024 52.45 Population, male 2024 652,502.00 Population, male (% of total population) 2024 47.55 Population, total 2024 1.37M Prevalence of anemia among children (% of children ages 6-59 months) 2019 18.00 Prevalence of anemia among non-pregnant women (% of women ages 15-49) 2023 24.70 Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women (%) 2023 24.80 Prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age (% of women ages 15-49) 2023 24.70 Probability of dying among adolescents ages 10-14 years (per 1,000) 2024 0.60 Probability of dying among adolescents ages 15-19 years (per 1,000) 2024 2.00 Probability of dying among children ages 5-9 years (per 1,000) 2024 0.50 Probability of dying among youth ages 20-24 years (per 1,000) 2024 2.40 Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 2025 28.71 Refugees under the mandate of the UNHCR by country or territory of origin 2024 126.00 Rural population 2024 402,122.00 Rural population (% of total population) 2024 29.30 Rural population growth (annual %) 2024 0.08 Sex ratio at birth (male births per female births) 2024 1.06 Suicide mortality rate (per 100,000 population) 2021 14.94 Suicide mortality rate, female (per 100,000 female population) 2021 5.77 Suicide mortality rate, male (per 100,000 male population) 2021 25.10 Survival to age 65, female (% of cohort) 2024 91.53 Survival to age 65, male (% of cohort) 2024 78.39 Total alcohol consumption per capita (liters of pure alcohol, projected estimates, 15+ years of age) 2020 10.68 Total alcohol consumption per capita, female (liters of pure alcohol, projected estimates, female 15+ years of age) 2020 4.82 Total alcohol consumption per capita, male (liters of pure alcohol, projected estimates, male 15+ years of age) 2020 17.40 UHC service coverage index 2023 79.00 Urban population 2024 970,219.00 Urban population (% of total population) 2024 70.70 Urban population growth (annual %) 2024 0.18

Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 2025 2.96 Employment in agriculture, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 2025 1.42 Employment in agriculture, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate) 2025 4.49 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate) 2025 60.98 Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate) 2025 69.82 Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) 2025 8.31

Gini index 2023 30.70 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) 2022 22.50

Military expenditure (% of GDP) 2024 3.37

Individuals using the Internet (% of population) 2024 92.24 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2024 151.13 Scientific and technical journal articles 2022 1,842.31 Secure Internet servers (per 1 million people) 2024 139,022.30

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) 2024 -7.97 Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) 2024 -3.44B High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) 2024 18.38 Merchandise exports (current US$) 2024 18.83B Merchandise exports by the reporting economy (current US$) 2023 19.38B Merchandise exports by the reporting economy, residual (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 0.00 Merchandise exports to economies in the Arab World (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 0.88 Merchandise exports to high-income economies (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 91.45 Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in East Asia & Pacific (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 1.85 Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in Europe & Central Asia (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 4.87 Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in Latin America & the Caribbean (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 0.51 Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in Middle East & North Africa (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 0.26 Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in South Asia (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 0.49 Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in Sub-Saharan Africa (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 0.56 Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies outside region (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 3.68 Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies within region (% of total merchandise exports) 2023 4.87 Merchandise imports (current US$) 2024 22.43B Merchandise imports by the reporting economy (current US$) 2023 22.81B Merchandise imports by the reporting economy, residual (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 0.02 Merchandise imports from economies in the Arab World (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 0.49 Merchandise imports from high-income economies (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 91.94 Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in East Asia & Pacific (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 5.06 Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Europe & Central Asia (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 2.01 Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Latin America & the Caribbean (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 0.29 Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Middle East & North Africa (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 0.12 Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in South Asia (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 0.32 Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Sub-Saharan Africa (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 0.24 Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies outside region (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 6.03 Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies within region (% of total merchandise imports) 2023 2.01 Merchandise trade (% of GDP) 2024 95.68 Personal remittances, paid (current US$) 2024 264.61M